Apparatus, system and method of communicating a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) transmission

ABSTRACT

For example, a wireless station may be configured to generate a plurality of time-domain streams in a time domain, the plurality of time-domain streams comprising at least a first time-domain stream comprising a first data sequence in a first interval and a second time-domain stream comprising a second data sequence in the first interval, the first time-domain stream comprises a time-inverted and sign-inverted complex conjugate of the second data sequence in a second interval subsequent to the first interval, and the second time-domain stream comprises a time-inverted complex conjugate of the first data sequence in the second interval; to convert the plurality of time-domain streams into a respective plurality of frequency-domain streams in a frequency domain; and to transmit a Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) transmission based on the plurality of frequency-domain streams.

CROSS REFERENCE

This application claims the benefit of and priority from U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 62/278,593 entitled “Apparatus,System and Method of communicating according to a transmit diversityscheme”, filed Jan. 14, 2016, the entire disclosure of which isincorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Embodiments described herein generally relate to communicating aMultiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) transmission.

BACKGROUND

A wireless communication network in a millimeter-wave (mmWave) band mayprovide high-speed data access for users of wireless communicationdevices.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For simplicity and clarity of illustration, elements shown in thefigures have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, thedimensions of some of the elements may be exaggerated relative to otherelements for clarity of presentation. Furthermore, reference numeralsmay be repeated among the figures to indicate corresponding or analogouselements. The figures are listed below.

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustration of a system, inaccordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an Alamouti transmit diversityscheme, which may be implemented, in accordance with some demonstrativeembodiments.

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a mapping of symbols tosubcarriers, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a frame structure, in accordancewith some demonstrative embodiments.

FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of symbols mapped to first and secondspatial streams according to a transmit diversity scheme, in accordancewith some demonstrative embodiments.

FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a frame structure, in accordancewith some demonstrative embodiments.

FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of symbols mapped to first and secondspatial streams according to a transmit diversity scheme, in accordancewith some demonstrative embodiments.

FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of a method of communicating aMultiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) transmission, in accordance withsome demonstrative embodiments.

FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of a product of manufacture, inaccordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are setforth in order to provide a thorough understanding of some embodiments.However, it will be understood by persons of ordinary skill in the artthat some embodiments may be practiced without these specific details.In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, unitsand/or circuits have not been described in detail so as not to obscurethe discussion.

Discussions herein utilizing terms such as, for example, “processing”,“computing”, “calculating”, “determining”, “establishing”, “analyzing”,“checking”, or the like, may refer to operation(s) and/or process(es) ofa computer, a computing platform, a computing system, or otherelectronic computing device, that manipulate and/or transform datarepresented as physical (e.g., electronic) quantities within thecomputer's registers and/or memories into other data similarlyrepresented as physical quantities within the computer's registersand/or memories or other information storage medium that may storeinstructions to perform operations and/or processes.

The terms “plurality” and “a plurality”, as used herein, include, forexample, “multiple” or “two or more”. For example, “a plurality ofitems” includes two or more items.

References to “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, “demonstrativeembodiment”, “various embodiments” etc., indicate that the embodiment(s)so described may include a particular feature, structure, orcharacteristic, but not every embodiment necessarily includes theparticular feature, structure, or characteristic. Further, repeated useof the phrase “in one embodiment” does not necessarily refer to the sameembodiment, although it may.

As used herein, unless otherwise specified the use of the ordinaladjectives “first”, “second”, “third” etc., to describe a common object,merely indicate that different instances of like objects are beingreferred to, and are not intended to imply that the objects so describedmust be in a given sequence, either temporally, spatially, in ranking,or in any other manner.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with various devices andsystems, for example, a User Equipment (UE), a Mobile Device (MD), awireless station (STA), a Personal Computer (PC), a desktop computer, amobile computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a tabletcomputer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a sensor device, anInternet of Things (IoT) device, a wearable device, a handheld device, aPersonal Digital Assistant (PDA) device, a handheld PDA device, anon-board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device, a vehiculardevice, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a consumerdevice, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a wireless communicationstation, a wireless communication device, a wireless Access Point (AP),a wired or wireless router, a wired or wireless modem, a video device,an audio device, an audio-video (A/V) device, a wired or wirelessnetwork, a wireless area network, a Wireless Video Area Network (WVAN),a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wireless LAN (WLAN), a Personal AreaNetwork (PAN), a Wireless PAN (WPAN), and the like.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with devices and/or networksoperating in accordance with existing IEEE 802.11 standards (includingIEEE 802.11-2012, IEEE Standard for Informationtechnology—Telecommunications and information exchange between systemsLocal and metropolitan area networks—Specific requirements Part 11:Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)Specifications, Mar. 29, 2012; IEEE802.11ac-2013 (“IEEE P802.11ac-2013,IEEE Standard for Information Technology—Telecommunications andInformation Exchange Between Systems—Local and Metropolitan AreaNetworks Specific Requirements—Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium AccessControl (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications—Amendment 4:Enhancements for Very High Throughput for Operation in Bands below 6GHz”, December, 2013); IEEE 802.11ad (“IEEE P802.11ad-2012, IEEEStandard for Information Technology—Telecommunications and InformationExchange Between Systems—Local and Metropolitan Area Networks—SpecificRequirements—Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) andPhysical Layer (PHY) Specifications Amendment 3: Enhancements for VeryHigh Throughput in the 60 GHz Band”, 28 December, 2012);IEEE-802.11REVmc (“IEEE 802.11-REVmc™/D3.0, June 2014 draft standard forInformation technology—Telecommunications and information exchangebetween systems Local and metropolitan area networks Specificrequirements; Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) andPhysical Layer (PHY) Specification”); IEEE802.11-ay (P802.11ay Standardfor Information Technology—Telecommunications and Information ExchangeBetween Systems Local and Metropolitan Area Networks—SpecificRequirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) andPhysical Layer (PHY) Specifications—Amendment: Enhanced Throughput forOperation in License-Exempt Bands Above 45 GHz)) and/or future versionsand/or derivatives thereof, devices and/or networks operating inaccordance with existing WiFi Alliance (WFA) Peer-to-Peer (P2P)specifications (including WiFi P2P technical specification, version 1.5,Aug. 4, 2015) and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof, devicesand/or networks operating in accordance with existingWireless-Gigabit-Alliance (WGA) specifications (including WirelessGigabit Alliance, Inc WiGig MAC and PHY Specification Version 1.1, April2011, Final specification) and/or future versions and/or derivativesthereof, devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existingcellular specifications and/or protocols, e.g., 3rd GenerationPartnership Project (3GPP), 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) and/or futureversions and/or derivatives thereof, units and/or devices which are partof the above networks, and the like.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one way and/or two-wayradio communication systems, cellular radio-telephone communicationsystems, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a wireless telephone, aPersonal Communication Systems (PCS) device, a PDA device whichincorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portableGlobal Positioning System (GPS) device, a device which incorporates aGPS receiver or transceiver or chip, a device which incorporates an RFIDelement or chip, a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) transceiver ordevice, a Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO) transceiver or device, aMultiple Input Single Output (MISO) transceiver or device, a devicehaving one or more internal antennas and/or external antennas, DigitalVideo Broadcast (DVB) devices or systems, multi-standard radio devicesor systems, a wired or wireless handheld device, e.g., a Smartphone, aWireless Application Protocol (WAP) device, or the like.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one or more types ofwireless communication signals and/or systems, for example, RadioFrequency (RF), Infra Red (IR), Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM),Orthogonal FDM (OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access(OFDMA), FDM Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM), Time-Division MultipleAccess (TDMA), Multi-User MIMO (MU-MIMO), Spatial Division MultipleAccess (SDMA), Extended TDMA (E-TDMA), General Packet Radio Service(GPRS), extended GPRS, Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA), WidebandCDMA (WCDMA), CDMA 2000, single-carrier CDMA, multi-carrier CDMA,Multi-Carrier Modulation (MDM), Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT), Bluetooth®,Global Positioning System (GPS), Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, ZigBee™, Ultra-Wideband(UWB), Global System for Mobile communication (GSM), 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G,4G, Fifth Generation (5G), or Sixth Generation (6G) mobile networks,3GPP, Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE advanced, Enhanced Data rates forGSM Evolution (EDGE), or the like. Other embodiments may be used invarious other devices, systems and/or networks.

The term “wireless device”, as used herein, includes, for example, adevice capable of wireless communication, a communication device capableof wireless communication, a communication station capable of wirelesscommunication, a portable or non-portable device capable of wirelesscommunication, or the like. In some demonstrative embodiments, awireless device may be or may include a peripheral that is integratedwith a computer, or a peripheral that is attached to a computer. In somedemonstrative embodiments, the term “wireless device” may optionallyinclude a wireless service.

The term “communicating” as used herein with respect to a communicationsignal includes transmitting the communication signal and/or receivingthe communication signal. For example, a communication unit, which iscapable of communicating a communication signal, may include atransmitter to transmit the communication signal to at least one othercommunication unit, and/or a communication receiver to receive thecommunication signal from at least one other communication unit. Theverb communicating may be used to refer to the action of transmitting orthe action of receiving. In one example, the phrase “communicating asignal” may refer to the action of transmitting the signal by a firstdevice, and may not necessarily include the action of receiving thesignal by a second device. In another example, the phrase “communicatinga signal” may refer to the action of receiving the signal by a firstdevice, and may not necessarily include the action of transmitting thesignal by a second device.

As used herein, the term “circuitry” may refer to, be part of, orinclude, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), anintegrated circuit, an electronic circuit, a processor (shared,

edicated, or group), and/or memory (shared, dedicated, or group), thatexecute one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logiccircuit, and/or other suitable hardware components that provide thedescribed functionality. In some embodiments, the circuitry may beimplemented in, or functions associated with the circuitry may beimplemented by, one or more software or firmware modules. In someembodiments, circuitry may include logic, at least partially operable inhardware.

The term “logic” may refer, for example, to computing logic embedded incircuitry of a computing apparatus and/or computing logic stored in amemory of a computing apparatus. For example, the logic may beaccessible by a processor of the computing apparatus to execute thecomputing logic to perform computing functions and/or operations. In oneexample, logic may be embedded in various types of memory and/orfirmware, e.g., silicon blocks of various chips and/or processors. Logicmay be included in, and/or implemented as part of, various circuitry,e.g. radio circuitry, receiver circuitry, control circuitry, transmittercircuitry, transceiver circuitry, processor circuitry, and/or the like.In one example, logic may be embedded in volatile memory and/ornon-volatile memory, including random access memory, read only memory,programmable memory, magnetic memory, flash memory, persistent memory,and the like. Logic may be executed by one or more processors usingmemory, e.g., registers, stuck, buffers, and/or the like, coupled to theone or more processors, e.g., as necessary to execute the logic.

Some demonstrative embodiments may be used in conjunction with a WLAN,e.g., a wireless fidelity (WiFi) network. Other embodiments may be usedin conjunction with any other suitable wireless communication network,for example, a wireless area network, a “piconet”, a WPAN, a WVAN andthe like.

Some demonstrative embodiments may be used in conjunction with awireless communication network communicating over a frequency band of 60GHz. However, other embodiments may be implemented utilizing any othersuitable wireless communication frequency bands, for example, anExtremely High Frequency (EHF) band (the millimeter wave (mmWave)frequency band), e.g., a frequency band within the frequency band ofbetween 20 Ghz and 300 GHZ, a WLAN frequency band, a WPAN frequencyband, a frequency band according to the WGA specification, and the like.

The term “antenna”, as used herein, may include any suitableconfiguration, structure and/or arrangement of one or more antennaelements, components, units, assemblies and/or arrays. In someembodiments, the antenna may implement transmit and receivefunctionalities using separate transmit and receive antenna elements. Insome embodiments, the antenna may implement transmit and receivefunctionalities using common and/or integrated transmit/receiveelements. The antenna may include, for example, a phased array antenna,a single element antenna, a set of switched beam antennas, and/or thelike.

The phrase “peer to peer (PTP) communication”, as used herein, mayrelate to device-to-device communication over a wireless link(“peer-to-peer link”) between devices. The PTP communication mayinclude, for example, a WiFi Direct (WFD) communication, e.g., a WFDPeer to Peer (P2P) communication, wireless communication over a directlink within a Quality of Service (QoS) basic service set (BSS), atunneled direct-link setup (TDLS) link, a STA-to-STA communication in anindependent basic service set (IBSS), or the like.

The phrases “directional multi-gigabit (DMG)” and “directional band”(DBand), as used herein, may relate to a frequency band wherein theChannel starting frequency is above 45 GHz. In one example, DMGcommunications may involve one or more directional links to communicateat a rate of multiple gigabits per second, for example, at least 1Gigabit per second, e.g., at least 7 Gigabit per second, at least 30Gigabit per second, or any other rate.

Some demonstrative embodiments may be implemented by a DMG STA (alsoreferred to as a “millimeter-wave (mmWave) STA (mSTA)”), which mayinclude for example, a STA having a radio transmitter, which is capableof operating on a channel that is within the DMG band. The DMG STA mayperform other additional or alternative functionality. Other embodimentsmay be implemented by any other apparatus, device and/or station.

Some demonstrative embodiments may be implemented by a DMG STA (alsoreferred to as a “millimeter-wave (mmWave) STA (mSTA)”), which mayinclude, for example, a STA having a radio transmitter, which is capableof operating on a channel that is within the DMG band. The DMG STA mayperform other additional or alternative functionality. Other embodimentsmay be implemented by any other apparatus, device and/or station.

Reference is made to FIG. 1, which schematically illustrates a system100, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

As shown in FIG. 1, in some demonstrative embodiments, system 100 mayinclude one or more wireless communication devices. For example, system100 may include a wireless communication device 102, a wirelesscommunication device 140, and/or one more other devices.

In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication devices 102and/or 140 may include a mobile device or a non-mobile, e.g., a static,device.

For example, wireless communication devices 102 and/or 140 may include,for example, a UE, an MD, a STA, an AP, a PC, a desktop computer, amobile computer, a laptop computer, an Ultrabook™ computer, a notebookcomputer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, ahandheld device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a sensor device, awearable device, a PDA device, a handheld PDA device, an on-boarddevice, an off-board device, a hybrid device (e.g., combining cellularphone functionalities with PDA device functionalities), a consumerdevice, a vehicular device, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portabledevice, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a mobile phone, a cellulartelephone, a PCS device, a PDA device which incorporates a wirelesscommunication device, a mobile or portable GPS device, a DVB device, arelatively small computing device, a non-desktop computer, a “CarrySmall Live Large” (CSLL) device, an Ultra Mobile Device (UMD), an UltraMobile PC (UMPC), a Mobile Internet Device (MID), an “Origami” device orcomputing device, a device that supports Dynamically ComposableComputing (DCC), a context-aware device, a video device, an audiodevice, an A/V device, a Set-Top-Box (STB), a Blu-ray disc (BD) player,a BD recorder, a Digital Video Disc (DVD) player, a High Definition (HD)DVD player, a DVD recorder, a HD DVD recorder, a Personal Video Recorder(PVR), a broadcast HD receiver, a video source, an audio source, a videosink, an audio sink, a stereo tuner, a broadcast radio receiver, a flatpanel display, a Personal Media Player (PMP), a digital video camera(DVC), a digital audio player, a speaker, an audio receiver, an audioamplifier, a gaming device, a data source, a data sink, a Digital Stillcamera (DSC), a media player, a Smartphone, a television, a musicplayer, or the like.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include, for example,one or more of a processor 191, an input unit 192, an output unit 193, amemory unit 194, and/or a storage unit 195; and/or device 140 mayinclude, for example, one or more of a processor 181, an input unit 182,an output unit 183, a memory unit 184, and/or a storage unit 185.Devices 102 and/or 140 may optionally include other suitable hardwarecomponents and/or software components. In some demonstrativeembodiments, some or all of the components of one or more of devices 102and/or 140 may be enclosed in a common housing or packaging, and may beinterconnected or operably associated using one or more wired orwireless links. In other embodiments, components of one or more ofdevices 102 and/or 140 may be distributed among multiple or separatedevices.

In some demonstrative embodiments, processor 191 and/or processor 181may include, for example, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a DigitalSignal Processor (DSP), one or more processor cores, a single-coreprocessor, a dual-core processor, a multiple-core processor, amicroprocessor, a host processor, a controller, a plurality ofprocessors or controllers, a chip, a microchip, one or more circuits,circuitry, a logic unit, an Integrated Circuit (IC), anApplication-Specific IC (ASIC), or any other suitable multi-purpose orspecific processor or controller. Processor 191 executes instructions,for example, of an Operating System (OS) of device 102 and/or of one ormore suitable applications. Processor 181 executes instructions, forexample, of an Operating System (OS) of device 140 and/or of one or moresuitable applications.

In some demonstrative embodiments, input unit 192 and/or input unit 182may include, for example, a keyboard, a keypad, a mouse, a touch-screen,a touch-pad, a track-ball, a stylus, a microphone, or other suitablepointing device or input device. Output unit 193 and/or output unit 183may include, for example, a monitor, a screen, a touch-screen, a flatpanel display, a Light Emitting Diode (LED) display unit, a LiquidCrystal Display (LCD) display unit, a plasma display unit, one or moreaudio speakers or earphones, or other suitable output devices.

In some demonstrative embodiments, memory unit 194 and/or memory unit184 may include, for example, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Read OnlyMemory (ROM), a Dynamic RAM (DRAM), a Synchronous DRAM (SD-RAM), a flashmemory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, a cache memory, abuffer, a short term memory unit, a long term memory unit, or othersuitable memory units. Storage unit 195 and/or storage unit 185includes, for example, a hard disk drive, a floppy disk drive, a CompactDisk (CD) drive, a CD-ROM drive, a DVD drive, or other suitableremovable or non-removable storage units. Memory unit 194 and/or storageunit 195, for example, may store data processed by device 102. Memoryunit 184 and/or storage unit 185, for example, may store data processedby device 140.

In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication devices 102and/or 140 may be capable of communicating content, data, informationand/or signals via a wireless medium (WM) 103. In some demonstrativeembodiments, wireless medium 103 may include, for example, a radiochannel, a cellular channel, an RF channel, a Wireless Fidelity (WiFi)channel, an IR channel, a Bluetooth (BT) channel, a Global NavigationSatellite System (GNSS) Channel, and the like.

In some demonstrative embodiments, WM 103 may include a directionalchannel in a directional frequency band. For example, WM 103 may includea millimeter-wave (mmWave) wireless communication channel.

In some demonstrative embodiments, WM 103 may include a DMG channel. Inother embodiments, WM 103 may include any other additional oralternative directional channel.

In other embodiments, WM 103 may include any other additional oralternative types of channels over any other, directional and/ornon-directional, frequency bands.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may operateas, and/or perform the functionality of, one or more wireless stations(STA), e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may operateas, and/or perform the functionality of, one or more DMG stations, orone or more Extended DMG (EDMG) stations.

In other embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may operate as, and/orperform the functionality of, any other wireless device and/or station,e.g., a WLAN STA, a WiFi STA, and the like.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to operate as, and/or perform the functionality of, an accesspoint (AP), e.g., a DMG AP, and/or a personal basic service set (PBSS)control point (PCP), e.g., a DMG PCP, for example, an AP/PCP STA, e.g.,a DMG AP/PCP STA.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to operate as, and/or perform the functionality of, a non-APSTA, e.g., a DMG non-AP STA, and/or a non-PCP STA, e.g., a DMG non-PCPSTA, for example, a non-AP/PCP STA, e.g., a DMG non-AP/PCP STA.

In one example, a station (STA) may include a logical entity that is asingly addressable instance of a medium access control (MAC) andphysical layer (PHY) interface to the wireless medium (WM). The STA mayperform any other additional or alternative functionality.

In one example, an AP may include an entity that contains a station(STA), e.g., one STA, and provides access to distribution services, viathe wireless medium (WM) for associated STAs. The AP may perform anyother additional or alternative functionality.

In one example, a personal basic service set (PBSS) control point (PCP)may include an entity that contains a STA, e.g., one station (STA), andcoordinates access to the wireless medium (WM) by STAs that are membersof a PBSS. The PCP may perform any other additional or alternativefunctionality.

In one example, a PBSS may include a directional multi-gigabit (DMG)basic service set (BSS) that includes, for example, one PBSS controlpoint (PCP). For example, access to a distribution system (DS) may notbe present, but, for example, an intra-PBSS forwarding service mayoptionally be present.

In one example, a PCP/AP STA may include a station (STA) that is atleast one of a PCP or an AP. The PCP/AP STA may perform any otheradditional or alternative functionality.

In one example, a non-AP STA may include a STA that is not containedwithin an AP. The non-AP STA may perform any other additional oralternative functionality.

In one example, a non-PCP STA may include a STA that is not a PCP. Thenon-PCP STA may perform any other additional or alternativefunctionality.

In one example, a non PCP/AP STA may include a STA that is not a PCP andthat is not an AP. The non-PCP/AP STA may perform any other additionalor alternative functionality.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may includeone or more radios including circuitry and/or logic to perform wirelesscommunication between devices 102, 140 and/or one or more other wirelesscommunication devices. For example, device 102 may include a radio 114,and/or device 140 may include a radio 144.

In some demonstrative embodiments, radio 114 and/or 144 may include oneor more wireless receivers (Rx) including circuitry and/or logic toreceive wireless communication signals, RF signals, frames, blocks,transmission streams, packets, messages, data items, and/or data. Forexample, radio 114 may include at least one receiver 116, and/or radio144 may include at least one receiver 146.

In some demonstrative embodiments, radios 114 and/or 144 may include oneor more wireless transmitters (Tx) including circuitry and/or logic totransmit wireless communication signals, RF signals, frames, blocks,transmission streams, packets, messages, data items, and/or data. Forexample, radio 114 may include at least one transmitter 118, and/orradio 144 may include at least one transmitter 148.

In some demonstrative embodiments, radio 114 and/or radio 144,transmitters 118 and/or 148, and/or receivers 116 and/or 148 may includecircuitry; logic; Radio Frequency (RF) elements, circuitry and/or logic;baseband elements, circuitry and/or logic; modulation elements,circuitry and/or logic; demodulation elements, circuitry and/or logic;amplifiers; analog to digital and/or digital to analog converters;filters; and/or the like. For example, radio 114 and/or radio 144 mayinclude or may be implemented as part of a wireless Network InterfaceCard (NIC), and the like.

In some demonstrative embodiments, radios 114 and/or 144 may beconfigured to communicate over a directional band, for example, anmmWave band, and/or any other band, for example, a 2.4 GHz band, a 5 GHzband, a S1G band, and/or any other band.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include a controller124, and/or device 140 may include a controller 154. Controller 124 maybe configured to perform and/or to trigger, cause, instruct and/orcontrol device 102 to perform, one or more communications, to generateand/or communicate one or more messages and/or transmissions, and/or toperform one or more functionalities, operations and/or proceduresbetween devices 102, 140 and/or one or more other devices; and/orcontroller 154 may be configured to perform, and/or to trigger, cause,instruct and/or control device 140 to perform, one or morecommunications, to generate and/or communicate one or more messagesand/or transmissions, and/or to perform one or more functionalities,operations and/or procedures between devices 102, 140 and/or one or moreother devices, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controllers 124 and/or 154 mayinclude circuitry and/or logic, e.g., one or more processors includingcircuitry and/or logic, memory circuitry and/or logic, Media-AccessControl (MAC) circuitry and/or logic, Physical Layer (PHY) circuitryand/or logic, and/or any other circuitry and/or logic, configured toperform the functionality of controllers 124 and/or 154, respectively.Additionally or alternatively, one or more functionalities ofcontrollers 124 and/or 154 may be implemented by logic, which may beexecuted by a machine and/or one or more processors, e.g., as describedbelow.

In one example, controller 124 may include circuitry and/or logic, forexample, one or more processors including circuitry and/or logic, tocause, trigger and/or control a wireless device, e.g., device 102,and/or a wireless station, e.g., a wireless STA implemented by device102, to perform one or more operations, communications and/orfunctionalities, e.g., as described herein.

In one example, controller 154 may include circuitry and/or logic, forexample, one or more processors including circuitry and/or logic, tocause, trigger and/or control a wireless device, e.g., device 140,and/or a wireless station, e.g., a wireless STA implemented by device140, to perform one or more operations, communications and/orfunctionalities, e.g., as described herein.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include a messageprocessor 128 configured to generate, process and/or access one ormessages communicated by device 102.

In one example, message processor 128 may be configured to generate oneor more messages to be transmitted by device 102, and/or messageprocessor 128 may be configured to access and/or to process one or moremessages received by device 102, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 140 may include a messageprocessor 158 configured to generate, process and/or access one ormessages communicated by device 140.

In one example, message processor 158 may be configured to generate oneor more messages to be transmitted by device 140, and/or messageprocessor 158 may be configured to access and/or to process one or moremessages received by device 140, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, message processors 128 and/or 158 mayinclude circuitry and/or logic, e.g., one or more processors includingcircuitry and/or logic, memory circuitry and/or logic, Media-AccessControl (MAC) circuitry and/or logic, Physical Layer (PHY) circuitryand/or logic, and/or any other circuitry and/or logic, configured toperform the functionality of message processors 128 and/or 158,respectively. Additionally or alternatively, one or more functionalitiesof message processors 128 and/or 158 may be implemented by logic, whichmay be executed by a machine and/or one or more processors, e.g., asdescribed below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality ofmessage processor 128 may be implemented as part of radio 114, and/or atleast part of the functionality of message processor 158 may beimplemented as part of radio 144.

In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality ofmessage processor 128 may be implemented as part of controller 124,and/or at least part of the functionality of message processor 158 maybe implemented as part of controller 154.

In other embodiments, the functionality of message processor 128 may beimplemented as part of any other element of device 102, and/or thefunctionality of message processor 158 may be implemented as part of anyother element of device 140.

In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality ofcontroller 124 and/or message processor 128 may be implemented by anintegrated circuit, for example, a chip, e.g., a System on Chip (SoC).In one example, the chip or SoC may be configured to perform one or morefunctionalities of radio 114. For example, the chip or SoC may includeone or more elements of controller 124, one or more elements of messageprocessor 128, and/or one or more elements of radio 114. In one example,controller 124, message processor 128, and radio 114 may be implementedas part of the chip or SoC.

In other embodiments, controller 124, message processor 128 and/or radio114 may be implemented by one or more additional or alternative elementsof device 102.

In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality ofcontroller 154 and/or message processor 158 may be implemented by anintegrated circuit, for example, a chip, e.g., a System on Chip (SoC).In one example, the chip or SoC may be configured to perform one or morefunctionalities of radio 144. For example, the chip or SoC may includeone or more elements of controller 154, one or more elements of messageprocessor 158, and/or one or more elements of radio 144. In one example,controller 154, message processor 158, and radio 144 may be implementedas part of the chip or SoC.

In other embodiments, controller 154, message processor 158 and/or radio144 may be implemented by one or more additional or alternative elementsof device 140.

In some demonstrative embodiments, radios 114 and/or 144 may include, ormay be associated with, a plurality of directional antennas.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include one or more,e.g., a plurality of, directional antennas 107, and/or device 140 mayinclude on or more, e.g., a plurality of, directional antennas 147.

Antennas 107 and/or 147 may include any type of antennas suitable fortransmitting and/or receiving wireless communication signals, blocks,frames, transmission streams, packets, messages and/or data. Forexample, antennas 107 and/or 147 may include any suitable configuration,structure and/or arrangement of one or more antenna elements,components, units, assemblies and/or arrays. Antennas 107 and/or 147 mayinclude, for example, antennas suitable for directional communication,e.g., using beamforming techniques. For example, antennas 107 and/or 147may include a phased array antenna, a multiple element antenna, a set ofswitched beam antennas, and/or the like. In some embodiments, antennas107 and/or 147 may implement transmit and receive functionalities usingseparate transmit and receive antenna elements. In some embodiments,antennas 107 and/or 147 may implement transmit and receivefunctionalities using common and/or integrated transmit/receiveelements.

In some demonstrative embodiments, antennas 107 and/or 147 may includedirectional antennas, which may be steered to one or more beamdirections. For example, antennas 107 may be steered to one or more beamdirections 135, and/or antennas 147 may be steered to one or more beamdirections 145.

In some demonstrative embodiments, antennas 107 and/or 147 may includeand/or may be implemented as part of a single Phased Antenna Array(PAA).

In some demonstrative embodiments, antennas 107 and/or 147 may beimplemented as part of a plurality of PAAs, for example, as a pluralityof physically independent PAAs.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a PAA may include, for example, arectangular geometry, e.g., including an integer number of rows, and aninteger number of columns. In other embodiments, any other types ofantennas and/or antenna arrays may be used.

In some demonstrative embodiments, antennas 107 and/or antennas 147 maybe connected to, and/or associated with, one or more Radio Frequency(RF) chains.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include one or more,e.g., a plurality of, RF chains 109 connected to, and/or associatedwith, antennas 107.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 140 may include one or more,e.g., a plurality of, RF chains 149 connected to, and/or associatedwith, antennas 147.

In some demonstrative embodiments devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to communicate over a Next Generation 60 GHz (NG60) network,an Extended DMG (EDMG) network, and/or any other network. For example,devices 102 and/or 140 may perform Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO)communication, for example, for communicating over the NG60 and/or EDMGnetworks, e.g., over an NG60 or an EDMG frequency band. For example,devices 102 and/or 140 may operate as, and/or perform the functionalityof, one or more EDMG stations and/or NG60 stations.

Some demonstrative embodiments may be implemented, for example, as partof a new and/or modified standard in an mmWave band, e.g., a 60 GHzfrequency band or any other directional band, for example, as anevolution of an IEEE 802.11ad standard.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured according to one or more standards, for example, inaccordance with an IEEE 802.11ay Standard, which may be, for example,configured to enhance the efficiency and/or performance of an IEEE802.11ad Specification, which may be configured to provide WiFiconnectivity in a 60 GHz band.

Some demonstrative embodiments may enable, for example, to significantlyincrease the data transmission rates defined in the IEEE 802.11adspecification, for example, from 7 Gbps, e.g., up to 30 Gbps, or to anyother data rate, which may, for example, satisfy growing demand innetwork capacity for new coming applications.

Some demonstrative embodiments may be implemented, for example, to allowincreasing a transmission data rate, for example, by applying MultipleInput Multiple Output (MIMO) and/or channel bonding techniques.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the IEEE 802.11ad-2012 Specificationmay be configured to support a Single User (SU) system, in which aStation (STA) may transmit frames to a single STA at a time.

Some demonstrative embodiments may enable, for example, communication inone or more use cases, which may include, for example, a wide variety ofindoor and/or outdoor applications, including but not limited to, forexample, at least, high speed wireless docking, ultra-short rangecommunications, 8K Ultra High Definition (UHD) wireless transfer atsmart home, augmented reality headsets and high-end wearables, datacenter inter-rack connectivity, mass-data distribution or video ondemand system, mobile offloading and multi-band operation, mobilefront-hauling, and/or wireless backhaul.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a communication scheme may includePhysical layer (PHY) and/or Media Access Control (MAC) layer schemes,e.g., implemented by one or more of the elements of devices 102 and/or140, for example, to support one or more applications, and/or increasedtransmission data rates, e.g., data rates of up to 30 Gbps, or any otherdata rate.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the PHY and/or MAC layer schemes maybe configured to support frequency channel bonding over a mmWave band,e.g., over a 60 GHz band, Single User (SU) techniques, and/or Multi User(MU) MIMO techniques.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to implement one or more mechanisms, which may be configuredto enable SU and/or MU communication of Downlink (DL) and/or Uplinkframes (UL) using a MIMO scheme.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to communicate MIMO communications over the mmWave wirelesscommunication band.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to communicate over an NG60 network, an EDMG network, and/orany other network and/or any other frequency band. For example, devices102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate DL MIMO transmissionsand/or UL MIMO transmissions, for example, for communicating over theNG60 and/or EDMG networks.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to implement one or more techniques, which may, for example,enable to support communications over a MIMO communication channel,e.g., a SU-MIMO channel between two mmWave STAs, or a MU-MIMO channelbetween a STA and a plurality of STAs.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to communicate according to a diversity scheme for MIMOtransmission, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the diversity scheme may beconfigured, for example, based on a space-time diversity scheme, e.g.,as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the diversity scheme may beconfigured, for example, based on an Alamouti technique, for example, asdescribed by Siavash M Alamouti, “A Simple Transmit Diversity Techniquefor Wireless Communications,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas inCommunications, vol. 16, no. 8, October 1998. In one example, thediversity scheme may support, for example, transmission from 2 Transmit(TX) antennas to N_(R) Receive (RX) antennas, for example, forcommunication according to a 2×N_(R) MIMO scheme.

In other embodiments, the diversity scheme may be configured, forexample, based on any other space-time diversity scheme, for example, aSpace Time Block Code (STBC) scheme, and/or any other diversity scheme.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to communicate transmissions according to a frame structure,which may be configured for Single Carrier (SC) PHY modulation withFrequency Domain Equalization (FDE), for example, to support a MIMOdiversity scheme, e.g., based on the Alamouti technique. In otherembodiments, the MIMO diversity scheme may support any other additionalor alternative diversity technique.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a frame structure in a time domainmay be configured, for example, to allow creating a mapping of spatialsubcarriers in a frequency domain, which may be, for example, suitablefor application of the space-time diversity scheme, e.g., according toan Alamouti transmit diversity technique.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the frame structure may beconfigured, for example, according to a first approach, which may bebased on a Guard Interval (GI), e.g., as described below. This approachmay allow, for example, using known GIs in PHY layer estimations. Thisapproach may, in some cases, introduce additional overhead.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the frame structure may beconfigured, for example, according to a second approach, which may bebased on a Cyclic Prefix (CP) extension, e.g., as described below. Thisapproach may allow, for example, to reduce overhead, e.g., without usingknown GI in the PHY layer estimations.

In other embodiments, the frame structure may be configured with respectto any other additional or alternative mechanisms and/or techniques,e.g., in addition to or instead of the GIs and/or the CP extensions.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a first device (“transmitter device”or “transmitter side”), e.g., device 102, may be configured to generateand transmit a MIMO transmission based on a plurality of spatialstreams, for example, in accordance with a space-time diversity scheme,e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a second device (“receiver device” or“receiver side”), e.g., device 140, may be configured to receive andprocess the MIMO transmission based on the plurality of spatial streams,for example, in accordance with the space-time diversity scheme, e.g.,as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, one or more aspects of the transmitdiversity scheme described herein may be implemented, for example, toprovide at least a technical solution to allow a simple combining schemeat the receiver device, for example, to mitigate and/or cancel outinterference, e.g., Inter Stream Interference (ISI), to combine channeldiversity gain, which may provide reliable data transmission, e.g., evenin hostile channel conditions, and/or to provide one or more additionaland/or alternative advantages and/or technical solutions.

For example, in some embodiments, the receiver side may not be requiredto use a MIMO equalizer, for example, while being able to use at leastonly Single Input Single Output (SISO) equalizers, e.g., in each streamof the plurality of spatial streams. According to this example, thediversity MIMO scheme may be simple for implementation.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a PHY and/or Media Access Control(MAC) layer for a system operating in the 60 GHz band, e.g., the systemof FIG. 1, may be defined, for example, in accordance with an IEEE802.11ad Standard, a future IEEE 802.11ay Standard, and/or any otherStandard.

In some demonstrative embodiments, some implementations may beconfigured to communicate a MIMO transmission over a directionalchannel, for example, using beamforming with a quite narrow beamwidthand fast enough signal transmission with typical frame duration, e.g.,of about 100 microseconds (usec). Such implementations may allow, forexample, having a static channel per entire packet transmission, and/ormay enable the receiver side to perform channel estimation at the verybeginning of the packet, e.g., using a Channel Estimation Field (CEF). Aphase may be tracked, for example, instead of performing channeltracking using pilots. This may allow, for example, assuming asubstantially unchanged or static channel over two or more successiveOFDM or SC symbol transmissions.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to communicate a MIMO transmission according to a diversityscheme, which may be based on a space-time diversity scheme, forexample, a Space Time Block Code (STBC) scheme, e.g., an Alamoutidiversity scheme, or any other space-time diversity scheme, e.g., asdescribed below.

For example, a space-time diversity scheme, e.g., in accordance with theAlamouti diversity scheme, may be configured to transmit a pair ofsignals, denoted (S₀, S₁), for example, concurrently via two antennas,denoted #0 and #1, at a time moment, denoted t; followed by repetitionof the signals with coding, e.g., the signals (−S₁*, S₀*), via theantennas #0 and #1, at a subsequent time moment, denoted t+T. Thesymbol * denotes an operation of complex conjugation. This diversityscheme may create two orthogonal sequences in a space-time domain.

In some demonstrative embodiments, it may be assumed that the channeldoes not change during consequent vector transmissions, for example, forcommunications over a narrow beamwidth, e.g., over a directionalfrequency band, as described above. Accordingly, it may be assumed thatthe sequential transmissions of the signals S₀ and −S₁* are transmittedthrough a substantially unchanged or static channel having asubstantially unchanged or static channel coefficient H₀, and/or thatthe sequential transmissions of the signals S₁ and S₀* are transmittedthrough a substantially unchanged or static channel having asubstantially unchanged or static channel coefficient H₁.

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an Alamouti transmit diversityscheme, which may be implemented, in accordance with some demonstrativeembodiments. For example, the transmit diversity scheme of FIG. 2illustrates spatial coding for an Alamouti transmit diversity schemewith a 2×1 configuration.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 (FIG. 1) and/or 140(FIG. 1) may be configured to communicate according to a space-timetransmit diversity scheme, which may be configured, for example, for 2×1MIMO communication, e.g., as shown in FIG. 2.

In other embodiments, devices 102 (FIG. 1) and/or 140 (FIG. 1) may beconfigured to communicate according to a space-time transmit diversityscheme, which may be configured, for example, for any other type of MIMOcommunication, e.g., any other M_(T)×N_(R) MIMO communication, e.g.,wherein M_(T) is equal or greater than 2, and N_(R) is equal or greaterthan 1.

Referring back to FIG. 1, in some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102and/or 140 may be configured to communicate the MIMO transmissionaccording to a space-time diversity scheme to map a plurality offrequency domain streams to a plurality of consecutive symbols in aplurality of frequency domain spatial streams, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the space-time diversity scheme maybe configured to map a plurality of frequency domain streams to firstand second consecutive symbols in first and second frequency domainspatial streams, e.g., as described below.

Reference is made to FIG. 3, which schematically illustrates a mappingof symbols to subcarriers, in accordance with some demonstrativeembodiments. For example, devices 102 and/or 140 (FIG. 1) may beconfigured to communicate a MIMO transmission according to the mappingscheme of FIG. 3.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the mapping of symbols to subcarriersshown in FIG. 3 may be configured to support a diversity scheme, forexample, according to the Alamouti diversity technique, e.g., accordingto FIG. 2.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3, a plurality ofdata symbols may be mapped to a first frequency-domain spatial stream302 and a first frequency-domain spatial stream 304.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3, a pair ofsymbols, denoted (X_(k), Y_(k)), may be mapped to a subcarrier with anindex k of an OFDM symbol 304, denoted symbol#1, in the spatial streams302 and 322, denoted stream#1 and stream#2, respectively.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3, a repetition ofthe pair of symbols (X_(k), Y_(k)) with coding, e.g., a pair of encodedsymbols (−Y_(k)*, X_(k)*), may be mapped to a consequent OFDM symbol306, denoted symbol#2, for example, to the same subcarrier with theindex k in the spatial streams 302 and 322.

For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the first frequency-domain spatialstream 302 may include a first data symbol of a first data sequence,e.g., the data symbol X_(k), mapped to a subcarrier 308 of the firstfrequency symbol 304, and the second frequency-domain spatial stream 322may include a second data symbol of a second data sequence, e.g., thedata symbol Y_(k), mapped to a subcarrier 328, e.g., the same k-thsubcarrier 308, of the first frequency symbol 304.

For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the first frequency-domain spatialstream 302 may include a sign-inverted complex conjugate of the seconddata symbol, e.g., Y_(k)*, mapped to a subcarrier 310 of the secondfrequency symbol 306, and the second frequency-domain spatial stream 322may include a complex conjugate of the first data symbol, e.g., X_(k)*,mapped to a subcarrier 330, e.g., the same subcarrier 310, of the secondfrequency symbol 306.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the diversity scheme of FIG. 3 may beapplied for an OFDM modulation, for example, in a frequency domain, forexample, by repetition mapping to the subcarriers in streams 302 and322.

In some demonstrative embodiments, it may be assumed that the channelper subcarrier does not change, for example, for a transmission over adirectional frequency band, for example, due to the stationary propertyof the channel in the 60 GHz band. Accordingly, an optimal combiningtechnique, e.g., in accordance with an Alamouti combining technique, maybe applied at the receiver side, for example, to create diversity gainand/or cancel out inter stream interference, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the Alamouti scheme may be applied tothe OFDM PHY transmission, for example, when performing data mapping inthe frequency domain. However, in contrast to the OFDM mapping performedin the frequency domain, other types of mapping, for example, a SC PHYmapping of symbols, may be performed in the time domain.

Referring back to FIG. 1, in some demonstrative embodiments a wirelessdevice, e.g., devices 102 and/or 140, may be configured to communicateaccording to a space-time transmit diversity scheme, which may define amapping of subcarriers to a plurality of spatial streams, e.g., to twospatial streams or any other number of spatial streams, for example, forSC MIMO.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to communicate a MIMO transmission according to a framestructure, which may be configured for SC PHY modulation, for example,to support a diversity scheme, e.g., the diversity scheme accruing toFIGS. 2 and/or 3, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the frame structure may beconfigured, for example, to include data in a sequence of time intervalsof a plurality of time-domain streams, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the data may be arranged in the framestructure, for example, such that upon conversion of the time-domainstreams into a frequency domain, the data may be mapped in the frequencydomain according to a time-space diversity scheme, for example,according to the mapping scheme of FIG. 3.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured tocause, trigger, and/or control a wireless station implemented by device102 to generate and transmit a MIMO transmission to at least one otherstation, for example, a station implemented by device 140, e.g., asdescribed below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured tocause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented bydevice 102 to generate and transmit the MIMO transmission according to aSC modulation scheme, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured tocause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented bydevice 102 to generate a plurality of spatial streams in a time domainbased on data to be transmitted, which may be represented by a pluralityof data samples, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may include, operateas, and/or perform the functionality of a data mapper 125, which may beconfigured to generate the plurality of time-domain streams in a timedomain, for example, based on data samples of the data to betransmitted, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, data mapper 125 may be configured tomap the data samples to the plurality of time-domain streams accordingto a frame structure, which may be configured to support a time-spacediversity scheme, for example, according to FIGS. 2 and/or 3, e.g., asdescribed below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, data mapper 125 may be configured tomap the data samples to a plurality of intervals in the plurality oftime-domain streams, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the plurality of time-domain streamsmay include at least first and second time-domain streams, e.g., asdescribed below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the plurality of time-domain streamsmay include two time-domain streams, for example, to support a 2×N_(R)MIMO transmission, e.g., as described below. In other embodiments, theplurality of time-domain streams may include any other number oftime-domain streams, for example, M_(T) time-domain streams to supportan M_(T)×N_(R) MIMO transmission.

In some demonstrative embodiments, data mapper 125 may be configured togenerate the plurality of time-domain streams, for example, by mappingfirst and second data sequences to a first interval of the first andsecond time-domain streams; and by mapping an encoded repetition of thefirst and second data sequences to a second interval of the first andsecond time-domain streams, e.g., subsequent to the first interval, asdescribed below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the first and second data sequencesmay include data samples corresponding to a pair of data symbols, forexample, the pair of data symbols (X_(k), Y_(k)), e.g., as describedabove with reference to FIG. 3.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the first data sequence may include afirst plurality of data samples corresponding to the data symbol X_(k),and/or the second data sequence may include a second plurality of datasamples corresponding to the data symbol Y_(k), e.g., as describedbelow.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the encoded repetition of the firstand second data sequences may be based on an encoding of the time-spacediversity scheme to be applied for the MIMO transmission, e.g., thetime-space diversity scheme described above with reference to FIGS. 2and/or 3, and/or any other time-space diversity scheme.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the encoded repetition of the firstdata sequence may include a time-inverted complex conjugate of the datasamples corresponding to the data symbol X_(k), and/or the encodedrepetition of the second data sequence may include a time-inverted andsign-inverted complex conjugate of the data samples corresponding to thedata symbol Y_(k), e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, data mapper 125 may be configured togenerate the first time-domain stream including the first data sequence,e.g., the data sequence corresponding to the data symbol X_(k), in thefirst interval; and the second time-domain stream including the seconddata sequence, e.g., the data sequence corresponding to the data symbolY_(k), in the second interval, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, data mapper 125 may be configured togenerate the first time-domain stream including a time-inverted andsign-inverted complex conjugate of the second data sequence, e.g., atime-inverted and sign-inverted complex conjugate of the data sequencecorresponding to the data symbol Y_(k), in the second intervalsubsequent to the first interval; and the second time-domain streamincluding a time-inverted complex conjugate of the first data sequence,e.g., a time-inverted complex conjugate of the data sequencecorresponding to the data symbol X_(k), in the second interval, e.g., asdescribed below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may include, operateas, and/or perform the functionality of a time-frequency converter 127,which may be configured to convert the plurality of time-domain streamsinto a respective plurality of frequency-domain streams in a frequencydomain, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, time-frequency converter 127 may beconfigured to convert the plurality of time-domain streams into theplurality of frequency-domain streams, for example, by applying atime-frequency conversion function to the plurality of time-domainstreams.

In some demonstrative embodiments, time-frequency converter 127 may beconfigured to convert the plurality of time-domain streams into theplurality of frequency-domain streams, for example, by applying aDiscrete Fourier Transform (DFT), e.g., as described below. In otherembodiments, any other time-frequency conversion function may be used.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the first and second intervals, whichmay be used by data mapper 125 to map the first and second datasequences, may be based on the time-frequency conversion functionimplemented by time-frequency converter 127.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the first and second intervals mayinclude first and second DFT intervals, e.g., first and secondsubsequent DFT intervals.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the first and second intervals mayeach have a size, denoted N, of the DFT (“DFT size”) to be applied bytime-frequency converter 127.

In other embodiments, the first and second intervals may have any othersize and/or may include any other intervals, e.g., based on the sizeand/or type of the time-frequency conversion function.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may include, operateas, and/or perform the functionality of a spatial stream mapper 129,which may be configured to map the plurality of frequency-domain streamsto a plurality of spatial streams to be transmitted as part of the MIMOtransmission, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, spatial stream mapper 129 may beconfigured to map the plurality of frequency-domain streams to frequencysubcarriers of a plurality of symbols according to a time-spacediversity scheme, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, spatial stream mapper 129 may beconfigured to map the plurality of frequency-domain streams to frequencysubcarriers of a plurality of symbols according to an STBC scheme, e.g.,as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, spatial stream mapper 129 may beconfigured to map the plurality of frequency-domain streams to frequencysubcarriers of a plurality of symbols according to an Alamouti scheme,for example, as described above with reference to FIGS. 2 and/or 3.

In some demonstrative embodiments, spatial stream mapper 129 may beconfigured to map the plurality of frequency domain streams to at leasta first frequency-domain spatial stream, e.g., spatial stream 302 (FIG.3), and a second frequency-domain spatial stream, e.g., spatial stream322 (FIG. 3).

In some demonstrative embodiments, spatial stream mapper 129 may map afirst data symbol of the first data sequence, e.g., the data symbolX_(k), to a subcarrier of a first frequency symbol, e.g., a first SCsymbol, in the first frequency-domain spatial stream, e.g., the k-thsubcarrier 308 (FIG. 3) of symbol 304 (FIG. 3) in stream 302 (FIG. 3).

In some demonstrative embodiments, spatial stream mapper 129 may map asecond data symbol of the second data sequence, e.g., the data symbolY_(k), to the subcarrier of the first frequency symbol in the secondfrequency-domain spatial stream, e.g., the k-th subcarrier 328 (FIG. 3)of symbol 304 in stream 322 (FIG. 3).

In some demonstrative embodiments, spatial stream mapper 129 may map asign-inverted complex conjugate of the second data symbol, e.g., theencoded data symbol X_(k)*, to a subcarrier of a second frequencysymbol, e.g., a second SC symbol, in the first frequency-domain spatialstream, e.g., the k-th subcarrier 330 (FIG. 3) of symbol 306 in stream322 (FIG. 3).

In some demonstrative embodiments, spatial stream mapper 129 may map acomplex conjugate of the first data symbol, e.g., the encoded datasymbol (−Y_(k)*), to the subcarrier of the second frequency symbol,e.g., the k-th subcarrier 310 (FIG. 3) of symbol 306 in stream 302 (FIG.3).

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured tocause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented bydevice 102 to transmit a MIMO transmission based on the plurality offrequency domain streams, for example, as mapped spatial stream mapper129 to plurality of spatial streams, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured tocause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented bydevice 102 to transmit the plurality of spatial streams via a pluralityof antennas, e.g., including a plurality of directional antennas.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured tocause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented bydevice 102 to transmit the first spatial stream, e.g., stream 302 (FIG.1), via a first antenna of antennas 107, and to transmit the secondspatial stream, e.g., stream 322 (FIG. 3), via a second antenna ofantennas 107.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the MIMO transmission may include a2×1 MIMO transmission, e.g., as described above. In other embodiments,the MIMO transmission may include any other 2×N_(R) MIMO transmission,or any other M_(T)×N_(R) MIMO transmission, e.g., wherein M_(T) is aninteger equal to or greater than 2, and N_(R) is an integer equal to orgreater than one.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the MIMO transmission may include anSC MIMO transmission, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured tocause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented bydevice 102 to transmit the MIMO transmission over a directionalfrequency band, for example, a DMG band, or any other band.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a device, e.g., device 140 (FIG. 1)may be configured to receive and demodulate the MIMO transmissionaccording to the time-space diversity scheme, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, at the receiver side, e.g., at device140, an Alamouti demodulation method may be used, for example, tocombine 4 SC symbols from the first and second spatial streams, e.g., asshown in FIG. 3.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the received signals at the time tand the subsequent time t+T may be represented, for example, withrespect to a 2×1 diversity scheme, e.g., as follows:r ₀ =r(t)=H ₀ S ₀ +H ₁ S ₁ +n ₀r ₁ =r(t+T)=H ₀(−S ₁*)+H ₁(S ₀)+n ₁  (1)wherein n₀ and n₁ denote noise samples, and S₀ and S₁ denote thetransmitted signals, e.g., corresponding to the transmitted datasymbols.

In some demonstrative embodiments, first and second estimated signals,denoted S₀{tilde over ( )} and S₁{tilde over ( )}, may be determined,for example, as follows:{tilde over (S)} ₀ =H ₀ *r ₀ +H ₁ r ₁*{tilde over (S)} ₁ =H ₀ *r ₀ −H ₀ r ₁*  (2)

In some demonstrative embodiments, the estimated signals S₀^({tilde over ( )}) and S₁ ^({tilde over ( )}) may be, for example,determined as follows:

$\begin{matrix}{ \Rightarrow{\overset{\sim}{S}}_{0}  = { {{( {{H_{0}}^{2} + {H_{1}}^{2}} )S_{0}} + \underset{\underset{= 0}{︸}}{{H_{0}^{*}H_{1}S_{1}} - {H_{0}^{*}H_{1}S_{1}}} + {H_{1}n_{1}^{*}} + {H_{0}^{*}n_{0}}}\Rightarrow{\overset{\sim}{S}}_{1}  = {{( {{H_{0}}^{2} + {H_{1}}^{2}} )S_{1}} + \underset{\underset{= 0}{︸}}{{H_{1}^{*}H_{0}S_{0}} - {H_{1}^{*}H_{0}S_{0}}} + {H_{1}^{*}n_{0}} - {H_{0}n_{1}^{*}}}}} & (3)\end{matrix}$

In some demonstrative embodiments, this scheme may combine the channelgain, and may cancel out the inter stream components.

In some demonstrative embodiments, data mapper 125 may be configured togenerate the plurality of time-domain streams according to a GuardInterval (GI) frame structure including one or more GI sequences, e.g.,as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, data mapper 125 may be configured tomap the one or more GI sequences to the plurality of time-domainstreams, for example, based on the time-space diversity scheme to beapplied by spatial stream mapper 129, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, data mapper 125 may be configured tomap a GI sequence to the first interval in the first time-domain stream,for example, by inserting the GI sequence following the first datasequence, e.g., following the data sequence corresponding to the datasymbol X_(k), and inserting a time-inverted complex conjugate of the GIsequence prior to the first data sequence, e.g., prior to the datasequence corresponding to the data symbol X_(k), e.g., as describedbelow with reference to FIG. 4.

In some demonstrative embodiments, data mapper 125 may be configured tomap the GI sequence to the second interval in the first time-domainstream, for example, by inserting the GI sequence following thetime-inverted and sign-inverted complex conjugate of the second datasequence, and inserting a time-inverted and sign-inverted complexconjugate of the GI sequence prior to the time-inverted andsign-inverted complex conjugate of the second data sequence, e.g., asdescribed below with reference to FIG. 4.

In some demonstrative embodiments, data mapper 125 may be configured tomap a GI sequence to the first interval in the second time-domainstream, for example, by inserting the GI sequence following the seconddata sequence, e.g., following the data sequence corresponding to thedata symbol Y_(k), and inserting the time-inverted and sign-invertedcomplex conjugate of the GI sequence prior to the second data sequence,e.g., prior to the data sequence corresponding to the data symbol Y_(k),e.g., as described below with reference to FIG. 4.

In some demonstrative embodiments, data mapper 125 may be configured tomap the GI sequence to the second interval in the second time-domainstream, for example, by inserting the GI sequence following thetime-inverted complex conjugate of the first data sequence, andinserting a time-inverted complex conjugate of the GI sequence prior tothe time-inverted complex conjugate of the first data sequence, e.g., asdescribed below with reference to FIG. 4.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the GI sequence may have a length ofM samples, and each of the first and second data sequences may have alength of (N−2M) samples, for example, if the first and second intervalsinclude DFT intervals with the DFT size of N.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the GI sequence may have a length of32 samples or 64 samples. In other embodiments, the GI sequence may haveany other length.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the GI sequence may include a Golaysequence, for example, a Golay sequence Ga₃₂, a Golay sequence Ga₆₄, orany other Golay sequence. In other embodiments, the GI sequence mayinclude any other Golay or non-Golay sequence.

Reference is made to FIG. 4, which schematically illustrates a framestructure 400, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments. Forexample, data mapper 125 (FIG. 1) may be configured to map datasequences to a plurality of time-domain streams according to the framestructure of FIG. 4.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the frame structure of FIG. 4 may beconfigured to support a 2×N_(R) diversity MIMO transmission, forexample, which may be implemented in accordance with a future IEEE802.11ay Standard, and/or any other protocol, Standard and/orSpecification.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the frame structure of FIG. 4 may beconfigured, for example, for SC PHY modulation with frequency domainequalization, e.g., to support at least a diversity scheme for 2×N_(R)MIMO.

In some demonstrative embodiments, frame structure 400 may include afirst time-domain stream 402, and a second time domain stream 432, e.g.,as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4, frame structure400 may be configured to map two data sequences to two consecutiveintervals, e.g., an interval 440 and an interval 442 subsequent tointerval 440, in first stream 402 and second stream 432.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the first time-domain stream 402 andthe second time-domain stream 432 may be configured to be converted,e.g., by time-frequency converter 127 (FIG. 1), to a frequency domain,and mapped, e.g., by spatial stream mapper 129 (FIG. 1), to first andsecond spatial streams, for example, the spatial streams 302 and 322(FIG. 3), according to a space-time diversity scheme, e.g., as describedabove.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the first interval 440 may include afirst DFT interval, and the second interval 442 may include a second DFTinterval, for example, according to a size of a DFT interval of a DFT tobe applied to frame structure 400, e.g., by time-frequency converter 127(FIG. 1).

In some demonstrative embodiments, data mapped to the interval 440 ofstreams 402 and 432 may be transmitted in a first SC symbol transmissionat a first time, e.g., at the time T; and data mapped to the interval442 of streams 402 and 432 may be transmitted in a second SC symboltransmission at a second time, e.g., at the time T+t, subsequent to thefirst time, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4, frame structure400 may be configured to map to intervals 440 and 442 a first datasequence, e.g., a data sequence x_(N-2M)(n), and a second data sequence,e.g., a data sequence y_(N-2M)(n), to be transmitted, for example, in asingle SC symbol having a size of (N−2M) samples.

For example, the data sequence x_(N-2M)(n) may include (N−2M) samples,e.g., x_(N-2M)=[x₁, x₂, . . . , x_(N-2M-1), x_(N-2M)]; and/or the datasequence y_(N-2M)(n) may include (N−2M) samples, e.g., y_(N-2M)=[y₁, y₂,. . . , y_(N-2M-1), y_(N-2M)]. For example, N may denote the DFT size,for example, of a DFT to be applied to frame structure 400, e.g., bytime-frequency converter 127 (FIG. 1).

In some demonstrative embodiments, according to frame structure 400, thefirst interval 440 in the first time-domain stream 402 may include afirst data sequence 404 including the data sequence x_(N-2M)(n), and thefirst interval 440 in the second time-domain stream 432 may include asecond data sequence 464 including the data sequence y_(N-2M)(n).

In some demonstrative embodiments, according to frame structure 400, thefirst data sequence x_(N-2M)(n) may be repeated with encoding in thesecond interval 442 of the second time-domain stream 432, e.g., to betransmitted in a subsequent SC symbol transmission. For example, thesecond interval 442 of the second time-domain stream 432 may include atime inversion and complex conjugation 476 of the first data sequence404. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the subsequent SC symbolcorresponding to the interval 442 in the second stream 432 may includethe sequence x_(N-2M)(−n)*=[x_(N-2M)*, x_(N-2M-1)*, . . . , x₂*, x₁*].

In some demonstrative embodiments, according to frame structure 400, thesecond data sequence y_(N-2M)(n) may be repeated with encoding in thesecond interval 442 of the first stream 402, e.g., to be transmitted inthe subsequent SC symbol transmission. For example, the second interval442 of the first time-domain stream 402 may include a time inversion,complex conjugation and sign inversion 406 of the second data sequence464. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the subsequent SC symbolcorresponding to the interval 442 in the first stream 402 may includethe sequence −y_(N-2M)(−n)*=[−y_(N-2M)*, −y_(N-2M-1)*, . . . , −y₂*,−y₁*].

In some demonstrative embodiments, according to frame structure 400, aGI sequence may be mapped to the first interval 440 of the streams 402and 432, and to the second interval 442 of the streams 402 and 432,e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the GI may include a GI sequence,denoted GI_(M)(n), including a GI complex sequence of M samples, whereinthe index n=1 . . . M, e.g., GI_(M)(n)=[a₁, a₂, . . . , a_(M-1), a_(M)].

In one example, the sequence GI_(M)(n) may include a Golay sequence witha size of M, e.g., based on the Golay sequence Ga₃₂, the Golay sequenceGa₆₄, or any other Golay sequence. In other embodiments, the sequenceGI_(M)(n) may include any other Golay or non-Golay sequence.

In some demonstrative embodiments, according to frame structure 400, thefirst interval 440 of stream 402 may include a GI sequence 410, e.g.,GI_(M)(n), following the data sequence 404; and an encoded repetition408, e.g., time-inverted complex conjugate, e.g., GI_(M)*(−n), of the GIsequence 410, prior to the data sequence 404. For example, the sequenceGI_(M)*(−n) may include a complex conjugated GI sequence with timeinversion, e.g., GI_(M)*(−n)=[a_(M), a_(M-1)*, . . . , a₂*, a₁*]. Forexample, the sequence GI_(M)*(n) may denote a sequence including acomplex conjugated sequence to GI_(M)(n), e.g., GI_(M)*(n)=[a₁*, a₂*, .. . , a_(M-1)*, a_(M)*].

In some demonstrative embodiments, according to frame structure 400, thefirst interval 440 of stream 432 may include a GI sequence 470, e.g.,GI_(M)(n), following the data sequence 464; and an encoded repletion468, e.g., a time-inverted and sign-inverted complex conjugate, e.g.,−GI_(M)*(−n), of the GI sequence 410, prior to the data sequence 464.For example, the GI sequence −GI_(M)*(−n) may include a sign invertedcomplex conjugated GI sequence with time inversion.

In some demonstrative embodiments, according to frame structure 400, thesecond interval 442 of stream 402 may include a GI sequence 414, e.g.,GI_(M)(n), following the data sequence 406; and an encoded repetition412, e.g., a time-inverted and sign-inverted complex conjugate, e.g.,−GI_(M)*(−n), of the GI sequence 414, prior to the data sequence 406.

In some demonstrative embodiments, according to frame structure 400, thesecond interval 442 of stream 432 may include a GI sequence 474, e.g.,GI_(M)(n), following the data sequence 476, and an encoded repetition472, e.g., a time-inverted complex conjugate, e.g., GI_(M)*(−n), of theGI sequence 474, prior to the data sequence 476.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the symbol structure shown in FIG. 4may be, for example, repeated for one or more additional subsequent SCsymbols, e.g., for one or more subsequent pairs of SC symbols.

In some demonstrative embodiments, mapping the data sequences and GIsequences according to the frame structure 400 may allow, for example,generating a subcarrier mapping, for example, according to thesubcarrier mapping of FIG. 3, e.g., due to the DFT property.Accordingly, the frame structure of FIG. 4 may allow, for example,application of a diversity scheme, e.g., based on an Alamouti transmitdiversity technique, in the frequency domain.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4, the framestructure 400 may include GIs, e.g., known GIs, which may be used, forexample, for one or more PHY estimations at a receiver side.

Reference is made to FIG. 5, which schematically illustrates symbolsmapped to a first spatial stream 510 and a second spatial stream 520according to a transmit diversity scheme, in accordance with somedemonstrative embodiments. For example, the symbols of streams 510 and520 may include the symbols of time-domain streams 402 and 432 (FIG. 4),respectively.

For example, the transmit diversity scheme of FIG. 5 may support SCmodulation with frequency domain equalization for 2×N_(R) MIMO, forexample, with known guard intervals, e.g., according to the framestructure of FIG. 4.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as may be seen from a comparisonbetween FIG. 5 and FIG. 2, there may be some modifications made toallow, for example, to support data mapping in time domain for SCmodulation with frequency domain equalization, e.g., using the framestructure of FIG. 4.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, a first symbol540, e.g., corresponding to a first SC symbol, may include the sequences408, 404 and 410 (FIG. 4), in the first stream 510 to be transmitted viaa first antenna 561, e.g., at a first time, e.g., the time T.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, the first symbol540, e.g., the first SC symbol, may include the sequences 468, 464 and470 (FIG. 4), in the second stream 520 to be transmitted via a secondantenna 521, e.g., at the first time.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, a second symbol542, e.g., corresponding to a second SC symbol, subsequent to the symbol540, may include the sequences 412, 406 and 414 (FIG. 4), in the firststream 510 to be transmitted via first antenna 561, e.g., at a secondtime subsequent to the first time, e.g., the time T+t.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, the second symbol542, e.g., the second SC symbol, may include the sequences 472, 476, and474 (FIG. 4), in the second stream 520 to be transmitted via secondantenna 521, e.g., at the second time.

Referring back to FIG. 1, in some demonstrative embodiments, data mapper125 may be configured to generate the plurality of time-domain streamsaccording to a Cyclic Prefix (CP) frame structure including one or moreCP sequences, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, data mapper 125 may be configured togenerate the time-domain streams including CP extensions, e.g., asdescribed below.

FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a frame structure 600, inaccordance with some demonstrative embodiments. For example, data mapper125 (FIG. 1) may be configured to map data sequences to a plurality oftime-domain streams according to the frame structure of FIG. 6.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the frame structure of FIG. 6 may beconfigured to support a 2×N_(R) diversity MIMO transmission, forexample, which may be implemented in accordance with a future IEEE 802.1lay Standard.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the frame structure of FIG. 6 may beconfigured, for example, for SC PHY modulation with frequency domainequalization, e.g., to support at least a diversity scheme for 2×N_(R)MIMO.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the frame structure of FIG. 6 mayinclude a CP. The CP may include, for example, a CP of a size of Msamples, which may include a data tail copied to the beginning of thesymbol.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 6, one or more ofthe operations described above with respect to the data symbolsx_(N-2M)(n) and/or y_(N-2M)(n) may be applied with respect to the sizeof (N-M) samples.

In some demonstrative embodiments, frame structure 600 may include afirst time-domain stream 602, and a second time domain stream 632, e.g.,as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 6, frame structure600 may be configured to map two data sequences to two consecutiveintervals, e.g., an interval 640 and an interval 642 subsequent tointerval 640, in first stream 602 and second stream 632.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the first time-domain stream 602 andthe second time-domain stream 632 may be configured to be converted,e.g., by time-frequency converter 127 (FIG. 1), to a frequency domain,and mapped, e.g., by spatial stream mapper 129 (FIG. 1), to first andsecond spatial streams, for example, the spatial streams 302 and 322(FIG. 3), according to a space-time diversity scheme, e.g., as describedabove.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the first interval 640 may include afirst DFT interval, and the second interval 642 may include a second DFTinterval, for example, according to a DFT size of a DFT to be applied toframe structure 600, e.g., by time-frequency converter 127 (FIG. 1).

In some demonstrative embodiments, data mapped to the interval 640 ofstreams 602 and 632 may be transmitted in a first SC symbol transmissionat a first time, e.g., at the time T; and data mapped to the interval642 of streams 602 and 632 may be transmitted in a second SC symboltransmission at a second time, e.g., at the time T+t, subsequent to thefirst time, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 6, frame structure600 may be configured to map to intervals 640 and 642 a first datasequence, e.g., the data sequence x_(N-M)(n), and a second datasequence, e.g., the data sequence y_(N-M)(n), to be transmitted, forexample, in a single SC symbol having a size of (N−2M) samples.

In some demonstrative embodiments, according to frame structure 600, thefirst interval 640 in the first time-domain stream 602 may include afirst data sequence 604 including the data sequence x_(N-M)(n), and thefirst interval 640 in the second time-domain stream 632 may include asecond data sequence 664 including the data sequence y_(N-M)(n).

In some demonstrative embodiments, according to frame structure 600, thefirst data sequence x_(N-M)(n) may be repeated with encoding in thesecond interval 642 of the second time-domain stream 632, e.g., to betransmitted in a subsequent SC symbol transmission. For example, thesecond interval 642 of the second time-domain stream 632 may include atime inversion and complex conjugation 676 of the first data sequence604. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the subsequent SC symbolcorresponding to the interval 642 in the second stream 632 may includethe sequence x_(N-M)(−n)*=[x_(N-M)*, x_(N-M-1)*, . . . , x₂*, x₁*].

In some demonstrative embodiments, according to frame structure 600, thesecond data sequence y_(N-M)(n) may be repeated with encoding in thesecond interval 642 of the first stream 602, e.g., to be transmitted inthe subsequent SC symbol transmission. For example, the second interval642 of the first time-domain stream 602 may include a time inversion,complex conjugation and sign inversion 606 of the second data sequence664. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the subsequent SC symbolcorresponding to the interval 642 in the first stream 602 may includethe sequence −y_(N-M)(−n)*=[−_(N-M)*, y_(N-M-1)*, . . . , −y₂*, y₁*].

In some demonstrative embodiments, the frame structure 600 may include aCP extension applied with respect to the data sequences in the intervals640 and 642 of each of the streams 602 and 632.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 6, the CP applied toa symbol may include, for example, a CP of a size of M samples, whichmay include a data tail of a data sequence in the symbol copied to thebeginning of the symbol.

Reference is made to FIG. 7, which schematically illustrates symbolsmapped to a first spatial stream 710 and a second spatial stream 720according to a transmit diversity scheme, in accordance with somedemonstrative embodiments. For example, the symbols of streams 710 and720 may include the symbols of time-domain streams 602 and 632 (FIG. 6),respectively.

For example, the transmit diversity scheme of FIG. 7 may support SCmodulation with frequency domain equalization for 2×N_(R) MIMO, forexample, with CP extensions, e.g., according to the frame structure ofFIG. 6.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as may be seen from a comparisonbetween FIG. 7 and FIG. 2, there may be some modifications made toallow, for example, to support data mapping in time domain for SCmodulation with frequency domain equalization, e.g., using the framestructure of FIG. 6.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 7, a first symbol740, e.g., corresponding to a first SC symbol, may include the CPextension CP_(M)(n) corresponding to the sequence 640 (FIG. 6), whichmay be followed by the sequence 640 (FIG. 6), in the first stream 710 tobe transmitted via a first antenna 761, e.g., at a first time, e.g., thetime T.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 7, the first symbol740, e.g., the first SC symbol, may include the CP extension CP_(M)(n)corresponding to the sequence 664 (FIG. 6), which may be followed by thesequence 664 (FIG. 6), in the second stream 720 to be transmitted via asecond antenna 721, e.g., at the first time.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 7, a second symbol742, e.g., corresponding to a second SC symbol, subsequent to the symbol740, may include the CP extension CP_(M)(n) corresponding to the encodedsequence 606 (FIG. 6), which may be followed by the encoded sequence 606(FIG. 6), in the first stream 710 to be transmitted via first antenna761, e.g., at a second time subsequent to the first time, e.g., the timeT+t.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 7, the second symbol742, e.g., the second SC symbol, may include the CP extension CP_(M)(n)corresponding to the encoded sequence 676 (FIG. 6), which may befollowed by the encoded sequence 676 (FIG. 6), in the second stream 720to be transmitted via second antenna 721, e.g., at the second time.

Reference is made to FIG. 8, which schematically illustrates a method ofcommunicating a MIMO transmission, in accordance with some demonstrativeembodiments. For example, one or more of the operations of the method ofFIG. 8 may be performed by one or more elements of a system, e.g.,system 100 (FIG. 1), for example, one or more wireless devices, e.g.,device 102 (FIG. 1), and/or device 140 (FIG. 1), a controller, e.g.,controller 124 (FIG. 1) and/or controller 154 (FIG. 1), a radio, e.g.,radio 114 (FIG. 1) and/or radio 144 (FIG. 1), and/or a messageprocessor, e.g., message processor 128 (FIG. 1) and/or message processor158 (FIG. 1).

As indicated at block 802, the method may include generating a pluralityof time-domain streams in a time domain. For example, controller 124(FIG. 1) may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control thewireless station implemented by device 102 (FIG. 1) to generate aplurality of time-domain streams in a time domain, for example, based ondata to be transmitted, e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 804, the method may include generating at least afirst time-domain stream including a first data sequence in a firstinterval and a second time-domain stream including a second datasequence in the first interval, the first time-domain stream including atime-inverted and sign-inverted complex conjugate of the second datasequence in a second interval subsequent to the first interval, and thesecond time-domain stream including a time-inverted complex conjugate ofthe first data sequence in the second interval. For example, controller124 (FIG. 1) may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control thewireless station implemented by device 102 (FIG. 1) to generate thefirst and second time-domain streams, for example, according to framestructure 400 (FIG. 4) or frame structure 600 (FIG. 6), e.g., asdescribed above.

As indicated at block 806, the method may include converting theplurality of time-domain streams into a respective plurality offrequency-domain streams in a frequency domain. For example, controller124 (FIG. 1) may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control thewireless station implemented by device 102 (FIG. 1) to convert theplurality of time-domain streams into the plurality of frequency-domainstreams in the frequency domain, for example, according to a DFT, e.g.,as described above.

As indicated at block 808, the method may include transmitting a MIMOtransmission based on the plurality of frequency-domain streams. Forexample, controller 124 (FIG. 1) may be configured to cause, trigger,and/or control the wireless station implemented by device 102 (FIG. 1)to transmit a MIMO transmission based on the plurality of frequencydomain streams, for example, according to the time-space diversityscheme of FIG. 5 or the time-space diversity scheme of FIG. 7, e.g., asdescribed above.

Reference is made to FIG. 9, which schematically illustrates a productof manufacture 900, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.Product 900 may include one or more tangible computer-readablenon-transitory storage media 902, which may include computer-executableinstructions, e.g., implemented by logic 904, operable to, when executedby at least one computer processor, enable the at least one computerprocessor to implement one or more operations at devices 102 and/or 140(FIG. 1), transmitters 118 and/or 148 (FIG. 1), receivers 116 and/or 146(FIG. 1), controllers 124 and/or 154 (FIG. 1), to perform one or more ofthe operations and/or communications according to FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6, 7, and/or 8, and/or to perform one or more operations of a method,e.g., as described herein. The phrase “non-transitory machine-readablemedium” is directed to include all computer-readable media, with thesole exception being a transitory propagating signal.

In some demonstrative embodiments, product 900 and/or machine-readablestorage medium 902 may include one or more types of computer-readablestorage media capable of storing data, including volatile memory,non-volatile memory, removable or non-removable memory, erasable ornon-erasable memory, writeable or re-writeable memory, and the like. Forexample, machine-readable storage medium 902 may include, RAM, DRAM,Double-Data-Rate DRAM (DDR-DRAM), SDRAM, static RAM (SRAM), ROM,programmable ROM (PROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electricallyerasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), Compact Disk ROM (CD-ROM), CompactDisk Recordable (CD-R), Compact Disk Rewriteable (CD-RW), flash memory(e.g., NOR or NAND flash memory), content addressable memory (CAM),polymer memory, phase-change memory, ferroelectric memory,silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) memory, a disk, a floppydisk, a hard drive, an optical disk, a magnetic disk, a card, a magneticcard, an optical card, a tape, a cassette, and the like. Thecomputer-readable storage media may include any suitable media involvedwith downloading or transferring a computer program from a remotecomputer to a requesting computer carried by data signals embodied in acarrier wave or other propagation medium through a communication link,e.g., a modem, radio or network connection.

In some demonstrative embodiments, logic 904 may include instructions,data, and/or code, which, if executed by a machine, may cause themachine to perform a method, process and/or operations as describedherein. The machine may include, for example, any suitable processingplatform, computing platform, computing device, processing device,computing system, processing system, computer, processor, or the like,and may be implemented using any suitable combination of hardware,software, firmware, and the like.

In some demonstrative embodiments, logic 904 may include, or may beimplemented as, software, a software module, an application, a program,a subroutine, instructions, an instruction set, computing code, words,values, symbols, and the like. The instructions may include any suitabletype of code, such as source code, compiled code, interpreted code,executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like. Theinstructions may be implemented according to a predefined computerlanguage, manner or syntax, for instructing a processor to perform acertain function. The instructions may be implemented using any suitablehigh-level, low-level, object-oriented, visual, compiled and/orinterpreted programming language, such as C, C++, Java, BASIC, Matlab,Pascal, Visual BASIC, assembly language, machine code, and the like.

EXAMPLES

The following examples pertain to further embodiments.

Example 1 includes an apparatus comprising logic and circuitryconfigured to cause a wireless station to generate a plurality oftime-domain streams in a time domain, the plurality of time-domainstreams comprising at least a first time-domain stream comprising afirst data sequence in a first interval and a second time-domain streamcomprising a second data sequence in the first interval, the firsttime-domain stream comprises a time-inverted and sign-inverted complexconjugate of the second data sequence in a second interval subsequent tothe first interval, and the second time-domain stream comprises atime-inverted complex conjugate of the first data sequence in the secondinterval; convert the plurality of time-domain streams into a respectiveplurality of frequency-domain streams in a frequency domain; andtransmit a Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) transmission based onthe plurality of frequency-domain streams.

Example 2 includes the subject matter of Example 1, and optionally,wherein, in the first interval, the first time-domain stream comprises aGuard Interval (GI) sequence following the first data sequence, and atime-inverted complex conjugate of the GI sequence prior to the firstdata sequence, and wherein, in the second interval, the firsttime-domain stream comprises the GI sequence following the time-invertedand sign-inverted complex conjugate of the second data sequence, and atime-inverted and sign-inverted complex conjugate of the GI sequenceprior to the time-inverted and sign-inverted complex conjugate of thesecond data sequence.

Example 3 includes the subject matter of Example 2, and optionally,wherein, in the first interval, the second time-domain stream comprisesthe GI sequence following the second data sequence, and thetime-inverted and sign-inverted complex conjugate of the GI sequenceprior to the second data sequence, and wherein, in the second interval,the second time-domain stream comprises the GI sequence following thetime-inverted complex conjugate of the first data sequence, and thetime-inverted complex conjugate of the GI sequence prior to thetime-inverted complex conjugate of the first data sequence.

Example 4 includes the subject matter of Example 2 or 3, and optionally,wherein the GI sequence has a length of M samples, and each of the firstand second data sequences has a length of (N−2M) samples, wherein Ndenotes a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) size of each of the first andsecond intervals.

Example 5 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 2-4, andoptionally, wherein the GI sequence has a length of 32 samples or 64samples.

Example 6 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 2-5, andoptionally, wherein the GI sequence comprises a Golay sequence.

Example 7 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-6, andoptionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the wirelessstation to map the plurality of frequency domain streams to a pluralityof frequency domain spatial streams according to a Space Time Block Code(STBC) scheme.

Example 8 includes the subject matter of Example 7, and optionally,wherein the STBC scheme comprises an Alamouti scheme.

Example 9 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-8, andoptionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the wirelessstation to map the plurality of frequency domain streams to at least afirst frequency-domain spatial stream and a second frequency-domainspatial stream, the first frequency-domain spatial stream comprising afirst data symbol of the first data sequence mapped to a subcarrier of afirst frequency symbol, the second frequency-domain spatial streamcomprising a second data symbol of the second data sequence mapped tothe subcarrier of the first frequency symbol, the first frequency-domainspatial stream comprising a sign-inverted complex conjugate of thesecond data symbol mapped to a subcarrier of a second frequency symbol,the second frequency-domain spatial stream comprising a complexconjugate of the first data symbol mapped to the subcarrier of thesecond frequency symbol.

Example 10 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-9, andoptionally, wherein the first and second time-domain streams compriseCyclic Prefix (CP) extensions.

Example 11 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-10, andoptionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the wirelessstation to transmit a first spatial stream of the MIMO transmission viaa first antenna and a second spatial stream of the MIMO transmission viaa second antenna.

Example 12 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-11, andoptionally, wherein the MIMO transmission comprises a Single Carrier(SC) MIMO transmission.

Example 13 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-12, andoptionally, wherein the MIMO transmission comprises a 2×N_(R) MIMOtransmission, wherein N_(R) is an integer equal to or greater than 1.

Example 14 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-13, andoptionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the wirelessstation to transmit the MIMO transmission over a DirectionalMulti-Gigabit (DMG) band.

Example 15 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-14, andoptionally, wherein the wireless station is a Directional Multi-Gigabit(DMG) Station (STA).

Example 16 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-15, andoptionally, comprising a plurality of directional antennas to transmitthe MIMO transmission.

Example 17 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-16, andoptionally, comprising a radio, a memory, and a processor.

Example 18 includes a system of wireless communication comprising awireless station, the wireless station comprising a plurality ofdirectional antennas; a radio; a memory; a processor; and a controllerconfigured to cause the wireless station to generate a plurality oftime-domain streams in a time domain, the plurality of time-domainstreams comprising at least a first time-domain stream comprising afirst data sequence in a first interval and a second time-domain streamcomprising a second data sequence in the first interval, the firsttime-domain stream comprises a time-inverted and sign-inverted complexconjugate of the second data sequence in a second interval subsequent tothe first interval, and the second time-domain stream comprises atime-inverted complex conjugate of the first data sequence in the secondinterval; convert the plurality of time-domain streams into a respectiveplurality of frequency-domain streams in a frequency domain; andtransmit a Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) transmission based onthe plurality of frequency-domain streams.

Example 19 includes the subject matter of Example 18, and optionally,wherein, in the first interval, the first time-domain stream comprises aGuard Interval (GI) sequence following the first data sequence, and atime-inverted complex conjugate of the GI sequence prior to the firstdata sequence, and wherein, in the second interval, the firsttime-domain stream comprises the GI sequence following the time-invertedand sign-inverted complex conjugate of the second data sequence, and atime-inverted and sign-inverted complex conjugate of the GI sequenceprior to the time-inverted and sign-inverted complex conjugate of thesecond data sequence.

Example 20 includes the subject matter of Example 19, and optionally,wherein, in the first interval, the second time-domain stream comprisesthe GI sequence following the second data sequence, and thetime-inverted and sign-inverted complex conjugate of the GI sequenceprior to the second data sequence, and wherein, in the second interval,the second time-domain stream comprises the GI sequence following thetime-inverted complex conjugate of the first data sequence, and thetime-inverted complex conjugate of the GI sequence prior to thetime-inverted complex conjugate of the first data sequence.

Example 21 includes the subject matter of Example 19 or 20, andoptionally, wherein the GI sequence has a length of M samples, and eachof the first and second data sequences has a length of (N−2M) samples,wherein N denotes a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) size of each of thefirst and second intervals.

Example 22 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 19-21, andoptionally, wherein the GI sequence has a length of 32 samples or 64samples.

Example 23 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 19-22, andoptionally, wherein the GI sequence comprises a Golay sequence.

Example 24 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 18-23, andoptionally, wherein the wireless station is to map the plurality offrequency domain streams to a plurality of frequency domain spatialstreams according to a Space Time Block Code (STBC) scheme.

Example 25 includes the subject matter of Example 24, and optionally,wherein the STBC scheme comprises an Alamouti scheme.

Example 26 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 18-25, andoptionally, wherein the wireless station is to map the plurality offrequency domain streams to at least a first frequency-domain spatialstream and a second frequency-domain spatial stream, the firstfrequency-domain spatial stream comprising a first data symbol of thefirst data sequence mapped to a subcarrier of a first frequency symbol,the second frequency-domain spatial stream comprising a second datasymbol of the second data sequence mapped to the subcarrier of the firstfrequency symbol, the first frequency-domain spatial stream comprising asign-inverted complex conjugate of the second data symbol mapped to asubcarrier of a second frequency symbol, the second frequency-domainspatial stream comprising a complex conjugate of the first data symbolmapped to the subcarrier of the second frequency symbol.

Example 27 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 18-26, andoptionally, wherein the first and second time-domain streams compriseCyclic Prefix (CP) extensions.

Example 28 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 18-27, andoptionally, wherein the wireless station is to transmit a first spatialstream of the MIMO transmission via a first antenna and a second spatialstream of the MIMO transmission via a second antenna.

Example 29 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 18-28, andoptionally, wherein the MIMO transmission comprises a Single Carrier(SC) MIMO transmission.

Example 30 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 18-29, andoptionally, wherein the MIMO transmission comprises a 2×N_(R) MIMOtransmission, wherein N_(R) is an integer equal to or greater than 1.

Example 31 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 18-30, andoptionally, wherein the wireless station is to transmit the MIMOtransmission over a Directional Multi-Gigabit (DMG) band.

Example 32 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 18-31, andoptionally, wherein the wireless station is a Directional Multi-Gigabit(DMG) Station (STA).

Example 33 includes a method to be performed at a wireless station, themethod comprising generating a plurality of time-domain streams in atime domain, the plurality of time-domain streams comprising at least afirst time-domain stream comprising a first data sequence in a firstinterval and a second time-domain stream comprising a second datasequence in the first interval, the first time-domain stream comprises atime-inverted and sign-inverted complex conjugate of the second datasequence in a second interval subsequent to the first interval, and thesecond time-domain stream comprises a time-inverted complex conjugate ofthe first data sequence in the second interval; converting the pluralityof time-domain streams into a respective plurality of frequency-domainstreams in a frequency domain; and transmitting aMultiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) transmission based on theplurality of frequency-domain streams.

Example 34 includes the subject matter of Example 33, and optionally,wherein, in the first interval, the first time-domain stream comprises aGuard Interval (GI) sequence following the first data sequence, and atime-inverted complex conjugate of the GI sequence prior to the firstdata sequence, and wherein, in the second interval, the firsttime-domain stream comprises the GI sequence following the time-invertedand sign-inverted complex conjugate of the second data sequence, and atime-inverted and sign-inverted complex conjugate of the GI sequenceprior to the time-inverted and sign-inverted complex conjugate of thesecond data sequence.

Example 35 includes the subject matter of Example 34, and optionally,wherein, in the first interval, the second time-domain stream comprisesthe GI sequence following the second data sequence, and thetime-inverted and sign-inverted complex conjugate of the GI sequenceprior to the second data sequence, and wherein, in the second interval,the second time-domain stream comprises the GI sequence following thetime-inverted complex conjugate of the first data sequence, and thetime-inverted complex conjugate of the GI sequence prior to thetime-inverted complex conjugate of the first data sequence.

Example 36 includes the subject matter of Example 34 or 35, andoptionally, wherein the GI sequence has a length of M samples, and eachof the first and second data sequences has a length of (N−2M) samples,wherein N denotes a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) size of each of thefirst and second intervals.

Example 37 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 34-36, andoptionally, wherein the GI sequence has a length of 32 samples or 64samples.

Example 38 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 34-37, andoptionally, wherein the GI sequence comprises a Golay sequence.

Example 39 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 33-38, andoptionally, comprising mapping the plurality of frequency domain streamsto a plurality of frequency domain spatial streams according to a SpaceTime Block Code (STBC) scheme.

Example 40 includes the subject matter of Example 39, and optionally,wherein the STBC scheme comprises an Alamouti scheme.

Example 41 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 33-40, andoptionally, comprising mapping the plurality of frequency domain streamsto at least a first frequency-domain spatial stream and a secondfrequency-domain spatial stream, the first frequency-domain spatialstream comprising a first data symbol of the first data sequence mappedto a subcarrier of a first frequency symbol, the second frequency-domainspatial stream comprising a second data symbol of the second datasequence mapped to the subcarrier of the first frequency symbol, thefirst frequency-domain spatial stream comprising a sign-inverted complexconjugate of the second data symbol mapped to a subcarrier of a secondfrequency symbol, the second frequency-domain spatial stream comprisinga complex conjugate of the first data symbol mapped to the subcarrier ofthe second frequency symbol.

Example 42 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 33-41, andoptionally, wherein the first and second time-domain streams compriseCyclic Prefix (CP) extensions.

Example 43 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 33-42, andoptionally, comprising transmitting a first spatial stream of the MIMOtransmission via a first antenna and a second spatial stream of the MIMOtransmission via a second antenna.

Example 44 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 33-43, andoptionally, wherein the MIMO transmission comprises a Single Carrier(SC) MIMO transmission.

Example 45 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 33-44, andoptionally, wherein the MIMO transmission comprises a 2×N_(R) MIMOtransmission, wherein N_(R) is an integer equal to or greater than 1.

Example 46 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 33-45, andoptionally, comprising transmitting the MIMO transmission over aDirectional Multi-Gigabit (DMG) band.

Example 47 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 33-46, andoptionally, wherein the wireless station is a Directional Multi-Gigabit(DMG) Station (STA).

Example 48 includes a product comprising one or more tangiblecomputer-readable non-transitory storage media comprisingcomputer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at leastone computer processor, enable the at least one computer processor toimplement operations at a wireless station, the operations comprisinggenerating a plurality of time-domain streams in a time domain, theplurality of time-domain streams comprising at least a first time-domainstream comprising a first data sequence in a first interval and a secondtime-domain stream comprising a second data sequence in the firstinterval, the first time-domain stream comprises a time-inverted andsign-inverted complex conjugate of the second data sequence in a secondinterval subsequent to the first interval, and the second time-domainstream comprises a time-inverted complex conjugate of the first datasequence in the second interval; converting the plurality of time-domainstreams into a respective plurality of frequency-domain streams in afrequency domain; and transmitting a Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output(MIMO) transmission based on the plurality of frequency-domain streams.

Example 49 includes the subject matter of Example 48, and optionally,wherein, in the first interval, the first time-domain stream comprises aGuard Interval (GI) sequence following the first data sequence, and atime-inverted complex conjugate of the GI sequence prior to the firstdata sequence, and wherein, in the second interval, the firsttime-domain stream comprises the GI sequence following the time-invertedand sign-inverted complex conjugate of the second data sequence, and atime-inverted and sign-inverted complex conjugate of the GI sequenceprior to the time-inverted and sign-inverted complex conjugate of thesecond data sequence.

Example 50 includes the subject matter of Example 49, and optionally,wherein, in the first interval, the second time-domain stream comprisesthe GI sequence following the second data sequence, and thetime-inverted and sign-inverted complex conjugate of the GI sequenceprior to the second data sequence, and wherein, in the second interval,the second time-domain stream comprises the GI sequence following thetime-inverted complex conjugate of the first data sequence, and thetime-inverted complex conjugate of the GI sequence prior to thetime-inverted complex conjugate of the first data sequence.

Example 51 includes the subject matter of Example 49 or 50, andoptionally, wherein the GI sequence has a length of M samples, and eachof the first and second data sequences has a length of (N−2M) samples,wherein N denotes a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) size of each of thefirst and second intervals.

Example 52 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 49-51, andoptionally, wherein the GI sequence has a length of 32 samples or 64samples.

Example 53 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 49-52, andoptionally, wherein the GI sequence comprises a Golay sequence.

Example 54 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 48-53, andoptionally, wherein the operations comprise mapping the plurality offrequency domain streams to a plurality of frequency domain spatialstreams according to a Space Time Block Code (STBC) scheme.

Example 55 includes the subject matter of Example 54, and optionally,wherein the STBC scheme comprises an Alamouti scheme.

Example 56 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 48-55, andoptionally, wherein the operations comprise mapping the plurality offrequency domain streams to at least a first frequency-domain spatialstream and a second frequency-domain spatial stream, the firstfrequency-domain spatial stream comprising a first data symbol of thefirst data sequence mapped to a subcarrier of a first frequency symbol,the second frequency-domain spatial stream comprising a second datasymbol of the second data sequence mapped to the subcarrier of the firstfrequency symbol, the first frequency-domain spatial stream comprising asign-inverted complex conjugate of the second data symbol mapped to asubcarrier of a second frequency symbol, the second frequency-domainspatial stream comprising a complex conjugate of the first data symbolmapped to the subcarrier of the second frequency symbol.

Example 57 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 48-56, andoptionally, wherein the first and second time-domain streams compriseCyclic Prefix (CP) extensions.

Example 58 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 48-57, andoptionally, wherein the operations comprise transmitting a first spatialstream of the MIMO transmission via a first antenna and a second spatialstream of the MIMO transmission via a second antenna.

Example 59 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 48-58, andoptionally, wherein the MIMO transmission comprises a Single Carrier(SC) MIMO transmission.

Example 60 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 48-59, andoptionally, wherein the MIMO transmission comprises a 2×N_(R) MIMOtransmission, wherein N_(R) is an integer equal to or greater than 1.

Example 61 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 48-60, andoptionally, wherein the operations comprise transmitting the MIMOtransmission over a Directional Multi-Gigabit (DMG) band.

Example 62 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 48-61, andoptionally, wherein the wireless station is a Directional Multi-Gigabit(DMG) Station (STA).

Example 63 includes an apparatus of wireless communication by a wirelessstation, the apparatus comprising means for generating a plurality oftime-domain streams in a time domain, the plurality of time-domainstreams comprising at least a first time-domain stream comprising afirst data sequence in a first interval and a second time-domain streamcomprising a second data sequence in the first interval, the firsttime-domain stream comprises a time-inverted and sign-inverted complexconjugate of the second data sequence in a second interval subsequent tothe first interval, and the second time-domain stream comprises atime-inverted complex conjugate of the first data sequence in the secondinterval; means for converting the plurality of time-domain streams intoa respective plurality of frequency-domain streams in a frequencydomain; and means for transmitting a Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output(MIMO) transmission based on the plurality of frequency-domain streams.

Example 64 includes the subject matter of Example 63, and optionally,wherein, in the first interval, the first time-domain stream comprises aGuard Interval (GI) sequence following the first data sequence, and atime-inverted complex conjugate of the GI sequence prior to the firstdata sequence, and wherein, in the second interval, the firsttime-domain stream comprises the GI sequence following the time-invertedand sign-inverted complex conjugate of the second data sequence, and atime-inverted and sign-inverted complex conjugate of the GI sequenceprior to the time-inverted and sign-inverted complex conjugate of thesecond data sequence.

Example 65 includes the subject matter of Example 64, and optionally,wherein, in the first interval, the second time-domain stream comprisesthe GI sequence following the second data sequence, and thetime-inverted and sign-inverted complex conjugate of the GI sequenceprior to the second data sequence, and wherein, in the second interval,the second time-domain stream comprises the GI sequence following thetime-inverted complex conjugate of the first data sequence, and thetime-inverted complex conjugate of the GI sequence prior to thetime-inverted complex conjugate of the first data sequence.

Example 66 includes the subject matter of Example 64 or 65, andoptionally, wherein the GI sequence has a length of M samples, and eachof the first and second data sequences has a length of (N−2M) samples,wherein N denotes a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) size of each of thefirst and second intervals.

Example 67 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 64-66, andoptionally, wherein the GI sequence has a length of 32 samples or 64samples.

Example 68 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 64-67, andoptionally, wherein the GI sequence comprises a Golay sequence.

Example 69 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 63-68, andoptionally, comprising means for mapping the plurality of frequencydomain streams to a plurality of frequency domain spatial streamsaccording to a Space Time Block Code (STBC) scheme.

Example 70 includes the subject matter of Example 69, and optionally,wherein the STBC scheme comprises an Alamouti scheme.

Example 71 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 63-70, andoptionally, comprising means for mapping the plurality of frequencydomain streams to at least a first frequency-domain spatial stream and asecond frequency-domain spatial stream, the first frequency-domainspatial stream comprising a first data symbol of the first data sequencemapped to a subcarrier of a first frequency symbol, the secondfrequency-domain spatial stream comprising a second data symbol of thesecond data sequence mapped to the subcarrier of the first frequencysymbol, the first frequency-domain spatial stream comprising asign-inverted complex conjugate of the second data symbol mapped to asubcarrier of a second frequency symbol, the second frequency-domainspatial stream comprising a complex conjugate of the first data symbolmapped to the subcarrier of the second frequency symbol.

Example 72 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 63-71, andoptionally, wherein the first and second time-domain streams compriseCyclic Prefix (CP) extensions.

Example 73 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 63-72, andoptionally, comprising means for transmitting a first spatial stream ofthe MIMO transmission via a first antenna and a second spatial stream ofthe MIMO transmission via a second antenna.

Example 74 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 63-73, andoptionally, wherein the MIMO transmission comprises a Single Carrier(SC) MIMO transmission.

Example 75 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 63-74, andoptionally, wherein the MIMO transmission comprises a 2×N_(R) MIMOtransmission, wherein N_(R) is an integer equal to or greater than 1.

Example 76 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 63-75, andoptionally, comprising means for transmitting the MIMO transmission overa Directional Multi-Gigabit (DMG) band.

Example 77 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 63-76, andoptionally, wherein the wireless station is a Directional Multi-Gigabit(DMG) Station (STA).

Functions, operations, components and/or features described herein withreference to one or more embodiments, may be combined with, or may beutilized in combination with, one or more other functions, operations,components and/or features described herein with reference to one ormore other embodiments, or vice versa.

While certain features have been illustrated and described herein, manymodifications, substitutions, changes, and equivalents may occur tothose skilled in the art. It is, therefore, to be understood that theappended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changesas fall within the true spirit of the disclosure.

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus comprising logic and circuitryconfigured to cause a wireless station to: generate a plurality oftime-domain streams in a time domain, the plurality of time-domainstreams comprising at least a first time-domain stream comprising afirst data sequence in a first interval and a second time-domain streamcomprising a second data sequence in the first interval, the firsttime-domain stream comprises a time-inverted and sign-inverted complexconjugate of the second data sequence in a second interval subsequent tothe first interval, and the second time-domain stream comprises atime-inverted complex conjugate of the first data sequence in the secondinterval, wherein the first time-domain stream comprises a first GuardInterval (GI) prior to the first data sequence, a second GI followingthe first data sequence, and a third GI following the second datasequence, the first, second and third GI are based on a GI sequence of apredefined length; convert the plurality of time-domain streams into arespective plurality of frequency-domain streams in a frequency domain;map the plurality of frequency domain streams to at least a firstfrequency-domain spatial stream and a second frequency-domain spatialstream, the first frequency-domain spatial stream comprising a firstdata symbol of the first data sequence mapped to a subcarrier of a firstfrequency symbol, the second frequency-domain spatial stream comprisinga second data symbol of the second data sequence mapped to thesubcarrier of the first frequency symbol; and transmit aMultiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) transmission based on theplurality of frequency-domain streams.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1,wherein, in the first interval, the first time-domain stream comprisesthe GI sequence following the first data sequence, and a time-invertedcomplex conjugate of the GI sequence prior to the first data sequence,and wherein, in the second interval, the first time-domain streamcomprises the GI sequence following the time-inverted and sign-invertedcomplex conjugate of the second data sequence, and a time-inverted andsign-inverted complex conjugate of the GI sequence prior to thetime-inverted and sign-inverted complex conjugate of the second datasequence.
 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein, in the first interval,the second time-domain stream comprises the GI sequence following thesecond data sequence, and the time-inverted and sign-inverted complexconjugate of the GI sequence prior to the second data sequence, andwherein, in the second interval, the second time-domain stream comprisesthe GI sequence following the time-inverted complex conjugate of thefirst data sequence, and the time-inverted complex conjugate of the GIsequence prior to the time-inverted complex conjugate of the first datasequence.
 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the GI sequence has alength of M samples, and each of the first and second data sequences hasa length of (N−2M) samples, wherein N denotes a Discrete FourierTransform (DFT) size of each of the first and second intervals.
 5. Theapparatus of claim 1, wherein the GI sequence has a length of 32 samplesor 64 samples.
 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the GI sequencecomprises a Golay sequence.
 7. The apparatus of claim 1 configured tocause the wireless station to map the plurality of frequency domainstreams to a plurality of frequency domain spatial streams according toa Space Time Block Code (STBC) scheme.
 8. The apparatus of claim 7,wherein the STBC scheme comprises an Alamouti scheme.
 9. The apparatusof claim 1, wherein the first frequency-domain spatial stream comprisesa sign-inverted complex conjugate of the second data symbol mapped to asubcarrier of a second frequency symbol, the second frequency-domainspatial stream comprises a complex conjugate of the first data symbolmapped to the subcarrier of the second frequency symbol.
 10. Theapparatus of claim 1, wherein the first and second time-domain streamscomprise Cyclic Prefix (CP) extensions.
 11. The apparatus of claim 1configured to cause the wireless station to transmit a first spatialstream of the MIMO transmission via a first antenna and a second spatialstream of the MIMO transmission via a second antenna.
 12. The apparatusof claim 1, wherein the MIMO transmission comprises a Single Carrier(SC) MIMO transmission.
 13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the MIMOtransmission comprises a 2×N_(R) MIMO transmission, wherein N_(R) is aninteger equal to or greater than
 1. 14. The apparatus of claim 1configured to cause the wireless station to transmit the MIMOtransmission over a Directional Multi-Gigabit (DMG) band.
 15. Theapparatus of claim 1, wherein the wireless station is a DirectionalMulti-Gigabit (DMG) Station (STA).
 16. The apparatus of claim 1comprising a plurality of directional antennas to transmit the MIMOtransmission.
 17. The apparatus of claim 1 comprising a radio, a memory,and a processor.
 18. A method to be performed at a wireless station, themethod comprising: generating a plurality of time-domain streams in atime domain, the plurality of time-domain streams comprising at least afirst time-domain stream comprising a first data sequence in a firstinterval and a second time-domain stream comprising a second datasequence in the first interval, the first time-domain stream comprises atime-inverted and sign-inverted complex conjugate of the second datasequence in a second interval subsequent to the first interval, and thesecond time-domain stream comprises a time-inverted complex conjugate ofthe first data sequence in the second interval, wherein the firsttime-domain stream comprises a first Guard interval (GI) prior to thefirst data sequence, a second GI following the first data sequence, anda third GI following the second data sequence, the first, second andthird GI are based on a GI sequence of a predefined length; convertingthe plurality of time-domain streams into a respective plurality offrequency-domain streams in a frequency domain; mapping the plurality offrequency domain streams to at least a first frequency-domain spatialstream and a second frequency-domain spatial stream, the firstfrequency-domain spatial stream comprising a first data symbol of thefirst data sequence mapped to a subcarrier of a first frequency symbol,the second frequency-domain spatial stream comprising a second datasymbol of the second data sequence mapped to the subcarrier of the firstfrequency symbol; and transmitting a Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output(MIMO) transmission based on the plurality of frequency-domain streams.19. The method of claim 18, wherein, in the first interval, the firsttime-domain stream comprises the GI sequence following the first datasequence, and a time-inverted complex conjugate of the GI sequence priorto the first data sequence, and wherein, in the second interval, thefirst time-domain stream comprises the GI sequence following thetime-inverted and sign-inverted complex conjugate of the second datasequence, and a time-inverted and sign-inverted complex conjugate of theGI sequence prior to the time-inverted and sign-inverted complexconjugate of the second data sequence.
 20. The method of claim 19,wherein, in the first interval, the second time-domain stream comprisesthe GI sequence following the second data sequence, and thetime-inverted and sign-inverted complex conjugate of the GI sequenceprior to the second data sequence, and wherein, in the second interval,the second time-domain stream comprises the GI sequence following thetime-inverted complex conjugate of the first data sequence, and thetime-inverted complex conjugate of the GI sequence prior to thetime-inverted complex conjugate of the first data sequence.
 21. Aproduct comprising one or more tangible computer-readable non-transitorystorage media comprising computer-executable instructions operable to,when executed by at least one processor, enable the at least oneprocessor to cause a wireless station to: generate a plurality oftime-domain streams in a time domain, the plurality of time-domainstreams comprising at least a first time-domain stream comprising afirst data sequence in a first interval and a second time-domain streamcomprising a second data sequence in the first interval, the firsttime-domain stream comprises a time-inverted and sign-inverted complexconjugate of the second data sequence in a second interval subsequent tothe first interval, and the second time-domain stream comprises atime-inverted complex conjugate of the first data sequence in the secondinterval, wherein the first time-domain stream comprises a first GuardInterval (GI) prior to the first data sequence, a second GI followingthe first data sequence, and a third GI following the second datasequence, the first, second and third GI are based on a GI sequence of apredefined length; convert the plurality of time-domain streams into arespective plurality of frequency-domain streams in a frequency domain;map the plurality of frequency domain streams to at least a firstfrequency-domain spatial stream and a second frequency-domain spatialstream, the first frequency-domain spatial stream comprising a firstdata symbol of the first data sequence mapped to a subcarrier of a firstfrequency symbol, the second frequency-domain spatial stream comprisinga second data symbol of the second data sequence mapped to thesubcarrier of the first frequency symbol; and transmit aMultiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) transmission based on theplurality of frequency-domain streams.
 22. The product of claim 21,wherein, in the first interval, the first time-domain stream comprisesthe GI sequence following the first data sequence, and a time-invertedcomplex conjugate of the GI sequence prior to the first data sequence,and wherein, in the second interval, the first time-domain streamcomprises the GI sequence following the time-inverted and sign-invertedcomplex conjugate of the second data sequence, and a time-inverted andsign-inverted complex conjugate of the GI sequence prior to thetime-inverted and sign-inverted complex conjugate of the second datasequence.
 23. The product of claim 22, wherein, in the first interval,the second time-domain stream comprises the GI sequence following thesecond data sequence, and the time-inverted and sign-inverted complexconjugate of the GI sequence prior to the second data sequence, andwherein, in the second interval, the second time-domain stream comprisesthe GI sequence following the time-inverted complex conjugate of thefirst data sequence, and the time-inverted complex conjugate of the GIsequence prior to the time-inverted complex conjugate of the first datasequence.
 24. The product of claim 21, wherein the GI sequence has alength of M samples, and each of the first and second data sequences hasa length of (N−2M) samples, wherein N denotes a Discrete FourierTransform (DFT) size of each of the first and second intervals.
 25. Theproduct of claim 21, wherein the first frequency-domain spatial streamcomprises a sign-inverted complex conjugate of the second data symbolmapped to a subcarrier of a second frequency symbol, the secondfrequency-domain spatial stream comprises a complex conjugate of thefirst data symbol mapped to the subcarrier of the second frequencysymbol.